Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 23.2, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction
To determine: The difference between ancestral and derived similarities.
Introduction: The similarities and differences among the different groups of organisms are used to classify or categorize the species in different groups. The species are classified in different clades according to the similarity.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- How does outgroup comparison facilitate the identification of ancestral and derived character states?arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are constructed based on Group of answer choices a. shared ancestral characters b. vestigial characters c. homoplastic characters d. cartoon characters e. shared derived characters f. shady charactersarrow_forwardNow, assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species. Redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origins of characters 1-6?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree and a cladogram? What the difference between "homologous traits" and "analogous traits"? What is the difference between "ancestral traits" and "derived traits"?arrow_forwardThe table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6). A “0” indicates the ancestral condition, and a “1” indicates the derived condition. 1. Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group? 2. Which species has the fewest number of derived characters?arrow_forwardWhat types of information are used to hypothesize how species arerelated to one another by descent from a shared ancestor? Give anexample of how multiple types of evidence can support one another.arrow_forward
- Molecular marker is used to determine relatedness of species which may directly or indirectly exerts an effect on diversity. A hypothetical ancestor has the following DNA sequences: G A A G C T A T T C A T T. There are two lineage with DNA sequences of G A A G G T A T T C T C G, and G A A C C T A T T C T G C. (1) Determine the percentage of A and T in the DNA sequence of the hypothetical ancestor. (2) Calculate the percentage of each nitrogenous base in the second lineage.arrow_forwardReferring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis? 2. How many clades are there? 3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why? 4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?arrow_forwardConsider the following sample dataset of character traits for five taxa (A, B, C, D, and E) and an outgroup (O) and answer the following: Taxon, Character 1 A B C D 1 1 1 0 0 Character 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 Character 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 Character 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 (A) Identify which character traits are ancestral and which are derived, (B) Determine the two taxa most closely related to each other (C) Are any of the character traits obvious homoplasies? If so, which ones? (D) Name three taxa that if put in their own taxonomic group would be considered paraphyletic.arrow_forward
- What is the phylogenetic definition of a species? A) A group of individuals that can breed and produce viable offspring B) A group of interbreeding individuals that share the same environment C) A group of individuals that share a common ancestorarrow_forwardExplain the concept of the pangenome to describe all distinct genes and variations in a species ?arrow_forwarda. draw a diagonal tree b. Which organism is an outgroup? c. Which organisms are sister taxa or share a common ancestor?arrow_forward
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