Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23.4, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Whether people as well as plants can be a victim of fungal attack.
Introduction:
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The Armillaria fungus species that grew to massive size inOregon harms trees in the forests it inhabits. As the fungusfeeds on roots, it causes “root rot” that weakens or kills trees.This root rot provides aboveground evidence of Armillaria’sexistence; the giant Oregon specimen was first identified byexamining aerial photos to find forested areas with many deadtrees. Can people, as well plants, be victims of fungal attack?
Match the statement with the terms
-members of this phylum can produce spores through two kinds of sporangia, one of which is known as a conidium.
-this phylum contains organisms that most closely resemble the common ancestor of fungi
-a member of this phylum includes the mold Rhizopus stolonifer
-reproduces only sexually
Terms-
-Zygommycota
-Chytridiomycota
-Glomermycota
-Basidiomycota
-Ascomycota
Mycelia of some mushroom-forming club fungi extend for miles growing underground. Embryonic mushrooms then form on the mycelium. What happens when it rains?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.3 - Fossil evidence suggests an important link between...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2CYL
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 23.4 - explain how fungi affect agriculture?Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.4 - describe the role of fungi in the production of...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 23 - Prob. 1MCCh. 23 - Which of the following diseases is not caused by a...Ch. 23 - A symbiotic association of plant roots and fungi...Ch. 23 - The alcohol in beer and wine is a by-product of...Ch. 23 - __________ is an ecologically important function...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 1RQCh. 23 - Prob. 2RQCh. 23 - Prob. 3RQCh. 23 - Prob. 4RQCh. 23 - Prob. 5RQCh. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Describe how a fairy ring of mushrooms is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8RQCh. 23 - Prob. 1ACCh. 23 - Prob. 2AC
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- Fairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Which location (A-D) is nearest to the basidiocarps? ___ What is the most probable location (A-D) of the youngest portion of this mycelium? ___arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. 1)If the fungus that produced the fairy ring can also produce arbuscules, then which of the following is most likely to be buried at location "B"? a. cement-capped well b. deceased animal c. tree stump d. fire pit 2) Assume that all four locations are 0.5 meters above the surface, rather than below. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from right…arrow_forwardFigure 24.17 Which of the following statements is true? A basidium is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus, and it forms four basidiocarps. The result of the plasmogamy step is four basidiospores. Karyogamy results directly in the formation of mycelia. A basidiocarp is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus.arrow_forward
- You have been asked to consult for a biotech company that is seeking to understand why some fungi can live in very extreme environments, such as the high temperatures inside naturally occurring hot springs. The company has isolated two different fungal species, F. cattoriae and W. gravinius, both of which can grow at temperatures exceeding 95°C. The company has determined the following things about these fungal species (see attached image) By sequencing and examining their genomes, the biotech company hopes to understand why these species can live in extreme environments. However, the company only has the resources to sequence one genome, and would like your input as to which species should be sequenced and whether you believe a shotgun strategy will work in this case.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the relationship between fig trees (Ficus carica), the ambrosia beetle (Euwallacea interjectus), and the fungus (Ceratocystis ficicola)? The beetles carry the fungus to the fig trees, which kills the fig trees. The fig trees require the fungus to survive, but the beetles eat and kill the trees. The beetles require both the fungus and the fig trees to survive. The fig trees infect the beetles with the fungus, which kills the beetles.arrow_forwardThe Basidiocarp (mushroom) of many club fungi are deadly poisonous. Amanita falloides for example is a mushroom that is deadly poisonous and can kill a person even if he/she eats only a few bites. As we covered in our ecology unit, it is physiologically expensive to become this poisonous. Agaricus bisporis is also a species of club fungus (mushroom) that occupies the same areas as Amanita falloides, and has a very similar appearance. Agaricus bisporis, however, has not evolved to produce toxic mushrooms. 1. Explain why it is beneficial for Amanita falloides to invest so much energy into making it's mushrooms in particular so poisonous. 2. Based on the concepts covered in our course, provide an ecological explanation for why Agaricus bisporous has not evolved to produce toxic mushrooms. ***Hint--think about the relationship between these two mushroom species***.arrow_forward
- A lichen is a symbiotic organism. It appears similar to a plant, but it is actually made up of two separate organisms, a fungus and cyanobacteria. The fungus transports water and nutrients to the cyanobacteria which then stores glucose for use by the fungus. Using a plant as your reference, which of the following statements would be the most accurate comparison to help someone understand the relationship between the fungus and cyanobacteria?arrow_forwardThe fungus Botrytis cinerea is a pathogen of plants, and causes high losses of strawberry crops around the world. In Europe, most B. cinerea fungi are killed by fungicides (chemicals sprayed on the crops to kill the fungus). However, some B. cinerea are resistant, and continue to live even when exposed to fungicides. If the currently-used fungicides continue to be sprayed on strawberry crops in Europe, what is expected to happen? (Choose one.) a)The strawberries will eventually become larger and more resistant to fungicides. b)The strawberries will form a beneficial association (mutualism) with the B. cinerea, and both will be resistant to the fungicides. c)Strawberry plants will preferentially be colonized by B. cinerea that are not resistant to fungicides. d) The proportion of B. cinerea that are resistant to fungicides will increase in the population over time, and these fungicides will no longer be effective at killing most of these fungi.arrow_forwardCoprinus-a small mushroom. Draw at a low enough power to see the overall central structure and radiating the gills (40x or 100x). Note the sexual basidiospores along the gills. You may wish to do a small blow-up drawing within the circle at a higher power to zoom in on the sexual basidiospores along the gills. Label the gills and the basidiospores.arrow_forward
- Health professionals refer to fungal skin diseases as “tineas” and name them according to the region affected (TABLE 23.1). Fungal skin diseases are persistent, in part because fungi can penetrate deeper layers of skin than can ointments and creams. There are fewer antifungal drugs than antibacterial ones, and antifungals often have more severe side effects. Reflect on the evolutionary relationships among bacteria, fungi, and humans. Why it is harder to fight fungi than bacteria?arrow_forwardA more recent threat to tree survival is a fungus in the genus Phytophthora which can kill full-grown trees. Studies indicate that the fungus can arrive via footwear of hikers. What is a possible solution to reduce fungus arrival or prevent the fungus on footwear from reaching the trees?arrow_forwardWhile working in a plant disease diagnostic lab, you receive a sample of a very dead tomato plant. The plant has rotted roots and the symptoms match known fungal and oomycete diseases of tomatoes. Explain one difference between true fungi and oomycetes that you could observe to determine what type of organism is killing the tomatoes?arrow_forward
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