The difference between T-dependent and T-independent antigens and why no memory B cells are produced in response to a T-independent antigen. Introduction: The stimulation of B cells needs two signals, on the basis of the nature of the antigen, the activation of B cells proceeds by two distinct pathways, one relying upon the helper T cells, while the other not. In the case of T dependent antigen the association between the CD40 ligand of T cells and CD40 of B cells provides the second signal, however, in case of T-independent antigen, the cross-linking of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to polymeric carbohydrate provides the required signal.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 23.4, Problem 23.5.2QC

Summary Introduction

To write:

The difference between T-dependent and T-independent antigens and why no memory B cells are produced in response to a T-independent antigen.

Introduction:

The stimulation of B cells needs two signals, on the basis of the nature of the antigen, the activation of B cells proceeds by two distinct pathways, one relying upon the helper T cells, while the other not. In the case of T dependent antigen the association between the CD40 ligand of T cells and CD40 of B cells provides the second signal, however, in case of T-independent antigen, the cross-linking of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to polymeric carbohydrate provides the required signal.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 23.4, Problem 23.5.2QC

Summary Introduction

To write:

The difference between T-dependent and T-independent antigens and why no memory B cells are produced in response to a T-independent antigen.

Introduction:

The stimulation of B cells needs two signals, on the basis of the nature of the antigen, the activation of B cells proceeds by two distinct pathways, one relying upon the helper T cells, while the other not. In the case of T dependent antigen the association between the CD40 ligand of T cells and CD40 of B cells provides the second signal, however, in case of T-independent antigen, the cross-linking of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to polymeric carbohydrate provides the required signal.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 23.4, Problem 23.5.2QC

Summary Introduction

To write:

The difference between T-dependent and T-independent antigens and why no memory B cells are produced in response to a T-independent antigen.

Introduction:

The stimulation of B cells needs two signals, on the basis of the nature of the antigen, the activation of B cells proceeds by two distinct pathways, one relying upon the helper T cells, while the other not. In the case of T dependent antigen the association between the CD40 ligand of T cells and CD40 of B cells provides the second signal, however, in case of T-independent antigen, the cross-linking of membrane-bound immunoglobulin to polymeric carbohydrate provides the required signal.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 23.4, Problem 23.5.2QC

Summary Introduction