Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life? A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Which of these steps probably occurred first in the chemical andbiological evolution of life?a. The cell membrane of a protobiont formed.b. The first organic molecules formed.c. The original genetic material was RNA.d. Simple organic monomers formed from inorganic materials.

Which result from the Miller and Urey experiment provides evidence that the molecules of life could have spontaneously been produced in the ancient Earth environment? a After their experiment, they produced DNA from amino acids. b They showed how DNA can be produced from simple molecules that included water, oxygen, carbohydrates, and lipids. c Their experiment produced amino acids—the building blocks of life—from chemicals that existed in the environment of ancient Earth. d Miller and Urey's experiment provided evidence that showed that although oxygen was lacking in the environment of ancient Earth, it could be readily made from the decomposition of rocks and minerals.

what simple organic molecules were likely the precursors of life? a. water and proteins b. amino acids and nucleotides c. oxygen and carbon d. prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Answer 14

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Answer 15

Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...

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Answer to Problem 1TYU

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