Concept explainers
Humans and pufferfish diverged from a common ancestor about 450 MYA, and these two genomes have
a. very few of the same genes in common.
b. all the same genes.
c. a large proportion of the genes in common.
d. no
Introduction:
Divergent evolution shares common ancestors between two or more species. Such organisms have same structures that are located on different positions in the body as per their need but perform different functions. Such organisms are homologous to each other as they have common homology between them.
Answer to Problem 1U
Correct answer:
Humans and pufferfish diverged from common ancestors about 450 MYA, so they have a large proportion of common genes. Therefore, option c.is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct statement:
Human teeth are evolved from puffer fish, which is later turned into beak in fish. Pufferfish and humans share a common ancestor as they contain a genome known as the fugu genome for over 450 million years ago. This genome is found in fish, but it is also present in humans in the same numbers. However, its size is larger in humans because of the presence of more repetitive DNA in the human genome.
Option c.is given as “a large proportion of gene is common”.
As “pufferfish and humans share common ancestry between them as they have a large proportion of identical genes”, it is the right answer.
Hence, option c.is correct.
Reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option a. is given as “a very few of the same gene in common”.
Pufferfish and human shares common ancestry and human teeth are also evolved from fish. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option b.is given as “all the same genes”.
If all the genes are the same between two different species, then there is no such variation that occurs among the individuals among species. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option d.is given as “no nucleotide divergence”.
Divergence involves the similarities of amino acids in protein and nucleotide sequence of DNA and RNA between organisms that share a common ancestry. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options a., b., and d. are incorrect.
Conclusion:
Human and pufferfish have many identical genes and share common ancestors. However, with time, these genes are rearranged to bring genome revolution, which reveals that the structures might be changed but its function remains the same.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology - With Access (Looseleaf) (Custom)
- DNA sequence data suggest that modern humans last shared a common ancestor with Old World monkeys about 25 million years ago. In contrast, humans last shared a common ancestor with New World monkeys about 40 million years ago. What could be concluded about evolutionary relationships among these groups? A. Humans are more closely related to Old World monkeys than to New World monkeys. B. Old World monkeys are more closely related to humans than to New World monkeys. C. Both A and B are correct. D. Neither A nor B is correct. Explain.arrow_forwardIn the book, Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton, scientists are able to reconstruct dinosaurs by getting dinosaur DNA from a mosquito that had been well-preserved in amber since the era of dinosaurs. Do you believe this can actually happen in real life? Why?arrow_forward. In browsing through the chimpanzee genome, you findthat it has three homologs of a particular gene, whereashumans have only two.a. What are two alternative explanations for thisobservation?b. How could you distinguish between these twopossibilities?arrow_forward
- Assume the common ancestor was non-venomous, had non-jointed limbs, antennae, and 10 legs. Assume that all evolutionary changes in these traits are shown. a) What traits does Species C have? b) What traits does species F have?arrow_forwardSegmental duplications play an important role in evolution by a. giving rise to new genes and multigene families. b. keeping the number of genes in a genome constant. c. eliminating repetitive sequences produced by transposition. d. controlling the base content of the genome.arrow_forwardIf you found the same gene in all organisms you test, what could this suggest about the evolution of this gene in the history of life on earth? What if a gene is very similar in most species that you study, but quite different in a particular group? What if it’s present in nearly everything, but the specific sequences vary quite a bit?arrow_forward
- The hoof of a horse and the claw of a cat are found to both form due to the expression of the same gene in both species. This suggests that the two structures are…? Group of answer choices a. homologous b. identical c. have nothing to do with one another d. the result of convergent evolutionarrow_forwardIf two different organisms are closely related evolutionarily, then they will (a) be similar in size. (b) share a recent common ancestor. (c) have very different DNA sequences in their genes. (d) be randomly located throughout the world.arrow_forwardWhen the genomes of vertebrates are compared,a. genomes of closer relatives are more alike.b. genomes of closer relatives are less alike.c. genomic variation is essentially the same among relatives.d. genomes of more distant relatives are more alike.arrow_forward
- When two organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense, (a) they should have extremely similar embryonic development. (b) they must share a very recent common ancestor. (c) the sequences of DNA in their genes should be less similar (more different) than those of two more closely related organisms. (d) they should share more homologous traits than two more closely related organisms share.arrow_forwardWhy are human and chimpanzee DNA 96 percent similar? Please choose the best option.a) Both groups show similarities in their fossil record.b) Humans and chimpanzees share several similar traits such as the use of tools.c) These two species descended from a recent common ancestor.d) Natural selection has favored those particular genes in both humans and chimpanzees.arrow_forward. DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to thesequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The mostlikely explanation for this result is that(A) humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.(B) humans evolved from chimpanzees.(C) chimpanzees evolved from humans.(D) convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities.arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College