Concept explainers
Introduction:
The concentration of potassium ions (K+) is high in the intracellular fluid (ICF). It determines the volume and intracellular osmolarity of the cell. It regulates resting membrane potential and depolarization of nervous and muscular systems with sodium. It serves as a cofactor for translation and is involved in other
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A&P UNITY AND FUNCTION ACCESS
- Theoretically, which one of the following hormones could be administered to decrease blood volume: antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, or atrial natriuretic peptide? Explain.arrow_forwardAn inadequate (low) dietary intake of NaCl will cause A) increased angiotensin II productionarrow_forwardThe most abundant electrolyte in the extracellular fluid, sodium, is regulated by all of the following except: potassium intake thirst renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antidiuretic hormonearrow_forward
- List the effects of each of the following hormones on electrolyte balance. Note that some hormones affect more than one electrolyte. a. Angiotensin-II b. Aldosterone c. Parathyroid hormone d. Vitamin D e. Atrial natriuretic peptidearrow_forwardCompare and contrast aldosterone and vasopressin.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the effects of aldosterone and ADH on water and ion balance in the bloodstream.arrow_forward
- Reabsorption of this substance involves carbonic anhydrase - inulin - bicarbonate - glucose - creatinine - calcium - adenosine - chloride - renin - aldosteronearrow_forwardDescribe what occurs in the kidney to maintain acid-base balance when there is an increase in blood plasma [H+].arrow_forwardThe most abundant cation in the ECF is .----------------------arrow_forward
- Of the following solutes, which ones are least likely to be found in the urine of a healthy person: erythrocytes, glucose, sodium ions, and/or hydrogen ions? Explain why you normally wouldn’t expect to find this (these) solute(s) in the urine.arrow_forward1.8 Which of the following is likely to cause the kidney to change the reabsorption of water and/or NaCl? Select one: a. Drinking 1 L of water in a short period of time. (Assume that you weren't dehydrated.) b. Eating a big bag of salty potato chips. c. Forgetting to drink water all day. d. Exercising vigorously in a very hot environment. e. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat type of acid-base imbalance might develop in an individual: A. Who has taken an overdose of a depressant narcotic? B. Whither uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning