Concept explainers
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • DRAW IT In this chapter, you read thut bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid, containing two sets of chromosomes from each of three different parent species. Genetic analysis suggests that the three species pictured following this question each contributed chromosome sets to T. aestivum. (The capital letters here represent sets of chromosomes rather than individual genes, and the diploid chromosome number for each species is shown in parentheses.)
Evidence also indicates that the first polyploidy event was a spontaneous hybridization of the early cultivated wheat species T. monococcum and a wild Triticum grass species. Based on this information, draw a diagram of one possible chain of events that could have produced the allohexaploid T. aestivum.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Bio 101
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Concepts of Biology
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach - Standalone book
- A diploid (ie, contains TWO sets of chromosomes) organisms with a 45,000-kb haploid (counts only one set of its chromosomes) genome contains 21% G residues. Calculate the number of A, C, G< and T residues in the DNA of each cell in this organism. Can you help explain why this is the answer, thank you! Answer: Since the haploid genome contains 21% G, it must contain 21% C (Because G=C) and 58% A + T, or 29% A and 29% T. Each cell is a diploid, containing 90,000 kb or 9x10^7 bases. Therefore, A=T = (0.29)(9x10^7) = 2.61 x 10^7 bases and G=C=(0.21)(9x10^7) = 1.89x10^7 bases.arrow_forwardSpecies I is diploid (2n=8) with chromosomes AABBCCDD. Related species II is diploid (2n=8) with chromosomes MMNNOOPP. Individuals with the ff. sets of chromosomes represent what types of chromosome mutations (be very specific)? Give the level of ploidy (in equation form) and resultant chromosome number for each plant. AABBCCCCDD (c) MMNNOOOPPP (e) AABBCDD AABBDD (d) AABBCCDDMNOParrow_forwardResearch group in Japan studied chromosomes found in Asterina pectinifera, a starfish found in the Pacific Ocean near Japan and Russia. This starfish can reproduce asexually by fission, which is splitting into fragments and regenerating. This starfish also reproduces sexually, where the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes the eggs. The image attached contains one of the pairs of chromosomes the research group in Japan studied. A model representation of the chromosomes is also included and labelled P and p. The lines on the chromosomes represent genes. By using the information in the attached image can you complete these two models: Develop a model (e.g., Punnett squares, diagrams, etc.) of an Asterina pectinifera parent (Pp) reproducing asexually and the genetic variation in the offspring. This model must include parents, offspring, and chromosome pairs. Develop a model (e.g., Punnett squares, diagrams, etc.) of two Asterina pectinifera parents (Pp) reproducing…arrow_forward
- WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION The continuity oflife is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. In ashort essay (100–150 words), relate the structure and behaviorof chromosomes to inheritance in both asexually and sexuallyreproducing species.arrow_forwardWhat is one statement that would support the theory that all organisms are related? A) The genetic code is almost universal.B) All flies have 2 wings.C) Eukaryotes have mitochondria.D) Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes.E) That the Theory of Pangenesis has held up to scrutiny for thousands of years What is the difference between cross and self-fertilization? A. In cross-fertilization the gametes from one plant are used to fertilize the gametes of another plantB. In cross-fertilization the gametes from one plant are used to fertilize the gametes from the same plant C. In self-fertilization the gametes from one plant are used to fertilize the gametes from another plantD. In cross-fertilization insects are used to pollinate the plants while in self-fertilization the investigator pollinates the plantsarrow_forwardHow many chromatids are there on any chromosome at the end of S, before meiosis 1? a) 2 b) 8 c) 1 d)4 An H bond is (all that apply) a) bonds that occur between Po4 and OH in DNA (polymerization) b) occurs between H and a more electronegative atom c) occurs between H and O or between H and N d) bonds present between the DNA strands (between A and T) e) bonds that occur between the electrons of H (H-H)arrow_forward
- Q. What are the possible changes in chromosome number and structure that will occur in a living species with six haploid chromosomes ? You can give the phenotypic changes that will occur on a real and / or hypothetical sample.arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Look at Figure 12.7 and imagine the twodaughter cells undergoing another round of mitosis, yielding four cells.Compare the number of chromosomes in each of those four cells, aftermitosis, with the number in each cell in Figure 13.8, after meiosis. Whatis it about the process of meiosis that accounts for this difference, eventhough meiosis also includes two cell divisions?arrow_forward2) Meiosis and sexual reproduction are, in large part, responsible for genetic variation within a population. Meiosis supports genetic variation in several ways. All BUT ONE applies to meiosis, sexual reproduction and genetic variation. A) Meiosis is preceded by DNA replication of chromosomes in the nucleus of the mother cell. B) As seen in the diagram, during meiosis crossing over, or swapping of DNA segments, may occur. C) During fertilization each parent randomly contributes a unique set of chromosomes to the zygote. D) Because of recombination and independent assortment during meiosis, each of the four gametes contains a different set of DNA. Not Gradedarrow_forward
- Diploid vs. Haploid: Given 2n = 30a. Haploid (n) number? b. This organism has a total of how many chromosomes? c. How many different pairs of chromosomes does this organismhave?arrow_forwardDRAW IT The diagramshows a cell in meiosis.(a) Label the appropriatestructures with theseterms: chromosome(label as duplicated orunduplicated), centromere, kinetochore,sister chromatids,nonsister chromatids,homologous pair (use abracket when labeling),homolog (label eachone), chiasma, sisterarrow_forwardA. Please explain the key differences between each of the following pairs of terms. (i) Haploid vs. monoploid (ii) Pericentric inversion vs. paracentric inversion (Please include a simple diagram, along with your written explanation.) (iii) Homologous chromosomes vs. homeologous chromosomes:arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning