Concept explainers
The sphere and ellipsoid in FIGURE Q24.9 surround equal charges. Four students are discussing the situation.
Student 1: The fluxes through A and B are equal because the average radius is the same.
Student 2: I agree that the fluxes are equal, but that's because they enclose equal charges.
Student 3: The electric field is not perpendicular to the surface for B, and that makes the flux through B less than the flux through A.
Student 4: I don't think that Gauss's law even applies to a situation like B, so we can't compare the fluxes through A and B. Which of these students, if any, do you agree with? Explain.
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