Introduction to Algorithms
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780262033848
Author: Thomas H. Cormen, Ronald L. Rivest, Charles E. Leiserson, Clifford Stein
Publisher: MIT Press
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Chapter 24.5, Problem 2E
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To explanation the BFS moreover proof of every shortest path and shortest path tress in Graph is unique.
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Given a graph G = (V, E), let us call G an almost-tree if G is connected and G contains at most n + 12 edges, where n = |V |. Each edge of G has an associated cost, and we may assume that all edge costs are distinct. Describe an algorithm that takes as input an almost-tree G and returns a minimum spanning tree of G. Your algorithm should run in O(n) time.
We have a connected graph G=(V,E), and a specific vertex u∈V. Suppose we compute a depth-first search tree rooted at u, and obtain a tree T that includes all nodes of G. Suppose we then compute a breadth-first search tree rooted at u, and obtain the same tree T.
Prove that G=T. (In other words, if T is both a depth-first search tree and a breadth-first search tree rooted at u, then G cannot contain any edges that do not belong to T.)
let us take any standard graph G=(v,e) and let us pretend each edge is the same exact weight. let us think about a minimum spanning tree of the graph G, called T = (V, E' ).
under each part a and b illustrate then show that
a) s a unique path between u and v in T for all u, v ∈ V .
b) tree T is not unique.
provide proof
Chapter 24 Solutions
Introduction to Algorithms
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 24.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 24.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 24.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 24.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 24.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 24.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 24.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 24.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 24.2 - Prob. 4E
Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 24.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 24.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 24.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 24 - Prob. 1PCh. 24 - Prob. 2PCh. 24 - Prob. 3PCh. 24 - Prob. 4PCh. 24 - Prob. 5PCh. 24 - Prob. 6P
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- G = (V,E,W) is a weighted connected (undirected) graph where all edges have distinct weights except two edges e and e′ which have the same weight. Suppose there is a Minimum Spanning Tree of G containing both e and e′. Prove that G has a unique Minimum Spanning Tree.arrow_forwardLet G = (V, E) be an undirected graph and each edge e ∈ E is associated with a positive weight ℓ(e).For simplicity we assume weights are distinct. Is the following statement true or false? Prove by contradiction or counterexample. Let T be a minimum spanning tree for the graph with the original weight. Suppose we replace eachedge weight ℓ(e) with ℓ(e)^2, then T is still a minimum spanning tree.arrow_forwardLet G = (V, E) be an undirected graph and each edge e ∈ E is associated with a positive weight ℓ(e).For simplicity we assume weights are distinct. Is the following statement true or false? Let P be the shortest path between two nodes s, t. Now, suppose we replace each edge weight ℓ(e) withℓ(e)^2, then P is still a shortest path between s and t.arrow_forward
- Find the shortest path from S to other nodes, on the given directed acyclic graph.Graph: R → A : 3 S → A : 1 A → C : 6 B → D : 3 C → E : 2R → S : 2 S → B : 2 B → A : 4 C → D : 1 D → E : 1 Answer: Topological Ordering: __________________________ Node Edge Relax? Update Shortest Path from S: Length Path R S A B C D Earrow_forwardConsider a directed graph G with a starting vertex s, a destination t, and nonnegative edge lengths. Under what conditions is the shortest s-t path guaranteed to be unique? a) When all edge lengths are distinct positive integers. b) When all edge lengths are distinct powers of 2. c) When all edge lengths are distinct positive integers and the graph G contains no directed cycles. d) None of the other options are correct.arrow_forwardLet G = (V, E) be a directed graph, and let wv be the weight of vertex v for every v ∈ V . We say that a directed edgee = (u, v) is d-covered by a multi-set (a set that can contain elements more than one time) of vertices S if either u isin S at least once, or v is in S at least twice. The weight of a multi-set of vertices S is the sum of the weights of thevertices (where vertices that appear more than once, appear in the sum more than once).1. Write an IP that finds the multi-set S that d-cover all edges, and minimizes the weight.2. Write an LP that relaxes the IP.3. Describe a rounding scheme that guarantees a 2-approximation to the best multi-setarrow_forward
- Let G = (V, E) be an undirected graph and each edge e ∈ E is associated with a positive weight ℓ(e).For simplicity we assume weights are distinct. Is the following statement true or false? Let T be a minimum spanning tree for the graph with the original weight. Suppose we replace eachedge weight ℓ(e) with ℓ(e)^2, then T is still a minimum spanning tree.arrow_forwardWe recollect that Kruskal's Algorithm is used to fi nd the minimum spanning tree in a weighted graph. Given a weighted undirected graph G = (V , E, W), with n vertices/nodes, the algorithm will fi rst sort the edges in E according to their weights. It will then select (n-1) edges with smallest weights that do not form a cycle. (A cycle in a graph is a path along the edges of a graph that starts at a node and ends at the same node after visiting at least one other node and not traversing any of the edges more than once.) Use Kruskal's Algorithm to nd the weight of the minimum spanning tree for the following graph.arrow_forwardConsider a directed graph G=(V,E) with n vertices, m edges, a starting vertex s∈V, real-valued edge lengths, and no negative cycles. Suppose you know that every shortest path in G from s to another vertex has at most k edges. How quickly can you solve the single-source shortest path problem? (Choose the strongest statement that is guaranteed to be true.) a) O(m+n) b) O(kn) c) O( km) d) O(mn)arrow_forward
- True or false: let G be an arbitrary connected, undirected graph with a distinct cost c(e) on every edge e. suppose e* is the cheapest edge in G; that is, c(e*) <c(e) for every edge e is not equal to e*. Any minimum spanning tree T of G contains the edge e*arrow_forwardLet G = (V, E) denote an weighted undirected graph, in which every edge has unit weight, and let T = (V, E') denote the minimum spanning tree of G. Prove formally that for all u, v ∈ V , the path between u and v in tree T is uniquearrow_forwardIs it possible to find a minimal spanning tree in O(n) time for a linked, weighted network with n vertices and n edges?arrow_forward
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