Introduction:
Testosterone and estrogen are examples of steroid hormones. The majority of steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol. Steroid hormones can easily cross the cell membrane without the involvement of secondary messenger.
Answer to Problem 1MCQ
Correct answer:
The effect of the water-soluble peptide hormone such as insulin is quicker than that of the steroid hormone such as estrogen because steroid hormones either stimulate or inhibit the process of protein synthesis which takes time. Hence, the correct answer is option b.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
Option b. is given as, “steroid hormones stimulate or inhibit protein synthesis, which takes time.”
Most of the steroid hormones are lipid soluble and are derived from cholesterol. The effect of water-soluble peptide hormones is quicker as compared to steroid hormones because the steroid hormones enter the nucleus and bind to a membrane receptor which is associated with the DNA. The hormone either stimulates or inhibits the process of protein synthesis. The response of steroid is slower as compared to water-soluble hormone because new proteins are needed to be produced prior to the effect of the hormone.
Reason for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “peptide hormones are synthesized within target cells, whereas steroid hormones must travel to target cells.”
Steroid hormones need to travel to target cells, but they cannot show their effect till new proteins are produced or stopped. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “steroid hormones cannot pass through the cell membrane.”
Steroid hormones can easily cross the cell membrane as they are lipid soluble and do not require the help of a secondary messenger. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option d. is given as, “All of these are correct.”
Steroid hormones either stimulate or inhibit the process of protein synthesis prior to their effect on the target cell. Hence, option d. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., c., and d. are incorrect.
Steroid hormones response is slower as compared to water-soluble peptide hormones because these hormones either stimulate or inhibit the process of protein synthesis prior to their effect on the target cell. Thus, the correct option is b.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology: The Essentials
- Endocrine downregulation ... a) ... occurs in target cells that respond to hormones that are present in constant amounts in the blood. b) ... leads to the increased sensitivity of the target organ to the hormone. c) ... leads to a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cell. d)... occurs in part due to increased receptor synthesis in the target cell.arrow_forwardA scientist hypothesizes that the pancreas’s hormone production is controlled by neural stimuli. Which observation would support this hypothesis? a. Insulin is produced in response to sudden stress without a rise in blood glucose. b. Insulin is produced in response to a rise in glucagon levels. c. Beta cells express epinephrine receptors. d. Insulin is produced in response to a rise in blood glucose in the brain.arrow_forwardwhich of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.arrow_forward
- Which of the following can regulate the release of hormone from an endocrine tissue? a) Non-hormonal substances in the blood b) Other hormones c) Negative feed-back mechanisms d) The nervous systemarrow_forwardWhich of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormonearrow_forwardThe hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further towers blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forward
- A cell secretes a product that diffuses through the interstitial fluid and acts on nearby cells. This process is an example of (a) neuroendocrine secretion (b) autocrine signaling (c) paracrine signaling (d) classical endocrine regulation (e) peptide hormone functionarrow_forwardDescribe how hormone receptors can play a role in affecting the size of the responses of tissues to hormones.arrow_forwardFigure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine deficiency, results in the inability of the thyroid gland to form T3 and T4 . The body typically attempts to compensate by producing greater amounts of TSH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect goiter to cause? a. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. b. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate. C. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. d. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate.arrow_forward
- What is the function of the hormone erythropoietin? a. stimulates production of red blood cells b. stimulates muscle growth c. causes the fight-or-flight response d. causes testosterone productionarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an important function of the endocrine system? a. Provides mechanisms for rapid response to changes in the body b. Provides mechanisms that control the nervous system c. It inhibits nervous system action on muscles and glands d. It maintains a contant yet dynamic internal fluid environmentarrow_forwardThe actions of lipid-soluble hormones include a. activation or inhibition of enzymatic pathways. b. binding with a hormone-responsive element. c. muscle contraction or relaxation. d. stimulation of cellular secretions.arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeEssentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:CengageHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning