Campbell Biology & Modified Mastering Biology /eText ValuePack Access Card Package
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780133857108
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 23TYK
Summary Introduction
To suggest: An evolutionary hypothesis to explain why mammals and birds living at the higher altitudes are, on average larger and bulkier than related species living at lower latitudes.
Concept introduction: Thermoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism by which organisms maintain a constant body temperature regardless of external fluctuations. The inability to do so can result in death of an organism.
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In 1847, the German biologist Christian Bergmann noted that mammals and birds living at higher latitudes (farther from the equator) are on average larger and bulkier than related species found at lower latitudes. Suggest an evolutionary hypothesis to explain this observation.
This spectacular animal is a Lesser Bird of Paradise, Paradisea minor, from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. In the context of various evolutionary phenomena, why do you suppose:
(a) This bird is confined to New Guinea and two nearby islands? Why would you not expect to find it in the mountains of Borneo? Explain in detail.
(b) This spectacular tail presumably attracts predators; why hasn't natural selection acted to reduce it or camouflage it? Explain in detail.
This spectacular animal is a Lesser Bird of Paradise, Paradisea minor, from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. In the context of various evolutionary phenomena, why is this bird confined to New Guinea and two nearby islands? Why would you not expect to find it in the mountains of Borneo? This spectacular tail presumably attracts predators; why hasn't natural selection acted to reduce it or camouflage it?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology & Modified Mastering Biology /eText ValuePack Access Card Package
Ch. 25 - Complete this map, which presents the three main...Ch. 25 - In this schematic of urine production in a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 25 - In each nephron of the kidney, the glomerulus and...Ch. 25 - As filtrate passes through the loop of Henle, salt...Ch. 25 - Birds and insects excrete uric acid, whereas...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 25 - Match each of the following components of blood...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 25 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 25 - Match each of the following components of blood...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 25 - Compare the water and salt regulation in a salmon...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 25 - 18. Assuming equal size, predict which of these...Ch. 25 - Some diuretics are on a list of substances that...Ch. 25 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 24TYKCh. 25 - Scientists have found that the quantity of...
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- EVOLUTION CONNECTION In 1847, the German biologistChristian Bergmann noted that mammals and birds livingat higher latitudes (farther from the equator) are on averagelarger and bulkier than related species found at lower latitudes.Suggest an evolutionary hypothesis to explain this observationarrow_forwardWhile the French biologist LaMarck was correct in proposing that evolution does occur, he believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for ever higher leaves on the trees. Using these observations, LaMarck proposed the theory that evolution occurs due to the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. From what you know about the scientific method, why is this incorrect?arrow_forwardThe proliferation of the Homo sapiens species has been attributed by scientists to their migration around the African and Eurasian continents between 70,000 and 100,000 years ago. What enabled this constant migration? What resulted from this constant migration?arrow_forward
- Many species of animals make alarm calls, which warn others in their group that a predator is approaching. Alarm calls also attract the atten- tion of the predator, making it more likely that the individual making the call will be eaten. Why might natural selection favor the evolution of alarm calls in a species? How might you test that hypothesis?arrow_forwardIf natural selection has no foresight,how can it explain features that seem to prepare organisms for future events? For example, deciduous trees at high latitudes drop their leaves before winter arrives, male birds establish territories before females arrive in the spring, and animals such as squirrels and jays store food as winter approaches.arrow_forwardPrompt A large, diverse population of reptiles suffered a catastrophic flood that randomly killed 90% of the population. The surviving individuals then reproduced and the total population size rebounded - albeit with significantly reduced diversity in the gene pool. Questions Which micro-evolutionary mechanism occurred? Why?arrow_forward
- Scientists have long believed that the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands evolved from a single species of finch that migrated to the islands one to five million years ago. Recent DNA analyses support the conclusion that all of the Galapagos finches evolved from the mainland warbler finch. Different species live on different islands. One of the major changes in the finches is in their beak sizes and shapes. How would an evolutionary biologist today best answer the following question? How did the different beak types first arise in the Galapagos finches? A. Changes in the finches' beaks occurred by chance, and when there was a good match between beak structures and available food, those birds had more offspring. B. The changes in the finches' beaks occurred because the environment induced the desired genetic changes. C. The finches' beaks changed a little bit in size and shape with each successive generation, some getting larger and some getting…arrow_forwardAfter the mass extinction that occurred 65 million years ago, mammals rapidly diversified to occupy habitats that were previously unavailable to them. What concept does this illustrate? A. Adaptive radiation B. Cretaceous selection C. Reproductive isolationD. Heterozygote advantagearrow_forwardWith all the rich diversity of the monkeys, apes, lemurs, lorises we see in our world today, how has evolution shaped these differences? (hint: think mating strategies, diet, geological/climate, etc).arrow_forward
- EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain the biological basis forassigning all human populations to a single species. Can youthink of a scenario by which a second human species couldoriginate in the future?arrow_forwardEvolutionary biologists often say that evolution “selects for outcomes” not for the particular genetic changes that lead to that adaptive outcome. Given that perspective, is it surprising that different gene mutations might be involved in the evolution of the same trait (such as light skin or adaptation to living in high mountains)? Why or why not?arrow_forwardSome advocates of the view that all organisms were created simultaneously by God argue that vestigial structures do not constitute evidence of evolution, because they show only that a divinely created structure can degenerate over time. According to this view, human tailbones are not evidence of evolution because they do not show that an adaptive improvement has occurred. Is this a valid argument?arrow_forward
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