BIOLOGY-TEXT
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169621
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 25, Problem 3CQ
Core Concept: Evolution What are some advantages and potential pitfalls of using changes in morphology to construct phylogenetic trees?
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How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing of time?
Some organisms that appear very closely related to a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related (Example. Sharks and dolphins). Why is this?
A phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship
among different biological species or genes or organisms from a common ancestor.
They are used as a research tool in various fields. All of the provided statements are
true regarding phylogenetic trees, except?
It is considered as a hypothesis of the evolutionary path.
It is a tool that shows the evolutionary pathway.
It shows evolutionary history through common ancestors.
It shows only the phenotypic similarity.
Use the following phylogenetic tree to help determine if the provided examples below are
homologous structures or analogous structures.
Figure 27.10
ANCESTRAL
PROTIST
Metazoa
770 million
years ago
©2014 Pearson Education, Inc
Eumetazoa
680
million.
years ago
670 million
years ago
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa
The worm shape of a hemicordata and the worm shape of a
nematoda
Porifera
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
The scales of a fish (chordata) and the scales of a scaleworm
(annelida)
The shell of the brachiopoda and the shell of the mollusca
The shell of a mollusca and the hard outer surface of the
arthropods
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
The holes in human skin (pores) and the hole in the body of a
porifera
Chordata
Platyhelminthes
Rotifera
Ectoprocta
Brachiopoda
EXAMPLE
The round shape of an Echinodermata and the round shape of a
ctenophora
Mollusca
Annelida
Nematoda
Arthropoda
The trochophore larval stage of a Mollusca and the trochophore
larval stage of an annelida.
Homologous…
Chapter 25 Solutions
BIOLOGY-TEXT
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 25.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 25.2 - Can two different species have more than one...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 25.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 25.3 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 25 - Prob. 1TYCh. 25 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYCh. 25 - Which of the following characteristics is (are)...Ch. 25 - Which of the following occur at branch points, or...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6TYCh. 25 - Prob. 7TYCh. 25 - A goal of modern taxonomy is to a. classify all...Ch. 25 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 10TYCh. 25 - Prob. 1CQCh. 25 - What is a molecular clock? How is it useful in the...Ch. 25 - Core Concept: Evolution What are some advantages...Ch. 25 - Prob. 1COQCh. 25 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Compare phylogenetic trees created using DNA data with phylogenetic trees created using chromosomal banding patterns. Which technique do you think is more valuable and why?arrow_forwardDiscuss how the principle of parsimony can be used in a cladistics approach to constructing a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardc- What are the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees? d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 |10 0 4 4 14 G3 12 8 7 G2 06 16 G4 ㅇ 0 12 G5arrow_forward
- Circle which of the phylogenetic trees is/are different from the one at the top:arrow_forwardExamine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate? How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?arrow_forwarda- What is Phylogenetics? b- What are the types of Phylogenetics trees? c- What ere the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees? d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (LPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 10 12 8 7 0 4 4 14 0 6 16 G2 G3 G4 G5 0 12 TOParrow_forward
- STANDARDIZED PHYLOGENETICS BIODIVERSITY EVOLUTION EVIDENCES BIOLÓGISTS KINGDOM TAXONOMY TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION PHYLOGENETIC TREE is in charge of A branch of biology called (2). system. A (4) who are experts in taxonomy, helps scientists The variety of life in the world is known as (1) classifying species and giving names via (3). understand and organize the diversity of life in our planet. Basically, it means groups are classified within larger groups. The hierarchical (5) of hierarchy is called the taxonomic level wherein the (6) different because it tells the history of the (7) (8) on. Scientist must collect accurate information using (9) using a (10) which looks like a sequentially branching tree, starting with one common branch, and then splitting into more branches helps scientists understand and organize the diversity of life in our planet .Each level is the highest and specie the lowest. Phylogeny is of a species or group of organisms. A field of science called works on the…arrow_forwardPhylogenetic tree: Change in characteristics occurs in lineages over time. Rate of mutation is not constant over time and for all lineages in phylogenetic tree. So, leaves can have different distance from the root. As, we have no idea how these rabbits are related in evolution. Construct a phylogenetic tree from table below using NeighborJoining Method. where X is 57.arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of using an outgroup when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? [at least mention 4 points]arrow_forward
- Define homology and homoplasy and explain their connection to the concept of parsimony in phylogenetic analysis. Provide an example of each and discuss the challenges they may present when inferring evolutionary relationships.arrow_forwardBased on the past activities about constructing of phylogenetic trees, how do you distinguish characteristics between primitive and derived characteristics? provide and example to your answerarrow_forwardDiscuss the problems in developing an accurate phylogenetic tree. Do you think it is possible to create a completely accurate universal phylogenetic tree? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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