(II) Determine the terminal voltage of each battery in Fig. 19–54. r= 2.0 2 E = 18 V R=4.8 2 r= 1.0 2 FIGURE 19-54 E = 12 V Problem 26.

In the circuit shown in Fig. 19–93, C¡ = 1.0 µF, C2 = 2.0 µF, C3 = 2.4 µF, and a voltage_ Vab = 24 V is applied across points a and b. After C, is fully charged, the switch is thrown to the right. What is the final charge and potential differ- ence on each capacitor? ao C2 FIGURE 19-93 C3 Problem 97. bo

capacitor and take C = xe A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.6 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 2.0 x 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.2. Positive charge layer Negative { charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane 1 O No O Internal fluid Axon radius = r + d Q (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2 v.) C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2 V? K+ ions Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per angstrom squared (A2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 A² (1 A = 10-10 m). (Compare to normal atomic spacing of one atom every few A.) Yes