CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136858256
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction :
Over the past 250 million years, the diversity of life has increased. The increase has been promoted by adaptive radiations, in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms. This occurs in particular when a change in the environment makes new
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Which of the below best explains why the 14 finch species of the Galapagos Islands are a good example of adaptive radiation?
Group of answer choices
The 14 finch species originated from 14 different ancestral species that all arrived to the Galapagos over a relatively short time period.
The 14 finch species originated over a relatively short time period from a single species.
The 14 finch species most likely originated as a result of polyploidy.
The 14 finch species on the Galapagos Islands are actually not a good example of adaptive radiation.
The 14 finch species evolved their characteristics separately as a result of convergent evolution.
Which of the following mass extinctions caused the loss of over 80% of species and was due to increased volcanic activity in what is now Siberia, Russia?
The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction
The Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction
The Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction
The Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction
Which of the following does not increase the rate of adaptive radiation?
A Competition for resources.
Short generation times.
C)A major environmental change.
Two species that produce only infertile offspring.
Chapter 25 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
Ch. 25.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 25.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 25.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In changing from an "RNA world"...Ch. 25.2 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 25.2 - WHAT IF? Your measurements indicate that a...Ch. 25.3 - The first appearance of free oxygen in the...Ch. 25.3 - What evidence supports the hypothesis that...Ch. 25.3 - WHAT IF? What would a fossil record of life today...Ch. 25.4 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 25.4 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.5 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 25.5 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.6 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25 - Describe the roles that montmorillonite clay and...Ch. 25 - What are the challenges of estimating the ages of...Ch. 25 - What is the "Cambrian explosion," and why is it...Ch. 25 - Explain how the broad evolutionary changes seen in...Ch. 25 - How could changes in a Single gene or DNA region...Ch. 25 - Explain the reasoning behind the Statement...Ch. 25 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Fossilized...Ch. 25 - The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 25 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe how gene flow,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 25 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION You have seen...Ch. 25 - Prob. 11TYU
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Similar questions
- It is known that it takes very long periods of time for new species to develop, and yet the fossil record for many organisms is characterized by long periods of Stasis (no change) followed by short bursts of intense Speciation (the disappearance of one species followed by the appearance of a new species). Thus in the fossil record, organisms seem to stay the same for long periods of time followed by a “sudden” change in the organisms (sudden with respect to evolution and geology). In other words, it appears that new species evolve suddenly as opposed to over long periods of time. The Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium helps to explain these seemingly contradictory occurrences in the fossil record. Discuss how Punctuated Equilibrium works (think about small offshoot populations that break off from the main population) and how it can explain the fossil record evidence. (Be sure to include information about why fossils of the offshoot population would be rare.)arrow_forwardWhat are the five mass extinctions of the past and the current theory of the sixth mass extinction? For each extinctions, what caused the extinction and how was ecosystem stability impacted? Was there any speciation that occurred afterward?arrow_forwardBecause mass extinction is a natural process that may facilitate evolution during the period of thousands to millions of years that follow it, should humans be concerned about the current mass extinction we are causing? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of three of thefollowing four factors. Select the exception.(A) vacant ecological niches(B) genetic drift(C) colonization of an isolated region that contains suitablehabitat and few competitor species(D) evolutionary innovationarrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely a reason why evolutionary radiation would occur on islands? A) there are many more species on islands B) islands tend to have more favourable habitats than continents because they are moderated by the ocean C) islands may have fewer animal and plant groups and thus provide more ecological opportunities D) organisms can disperse easily across oceans E) islands often have more diverse habitats than continentsarrow_forwardYou are examining the fossil record and notice a dramatic decrease in species diversity that seems to span across multiple groups of organisms within a very short period of time. This could most likely indicate: The beginning of a new geologic period A mass extinction event A major evolutionary breakthrough An artifact of poor fossil preservation adaptive radiationarrow_forward
- Why do island chains provide ideal conditions for adaptive radiation to occur?arrow_forwardAmong the descendants of the ancestor common to lineages A and B, how many total extinction events have occurred in the past 1 million years?arrow_forwardWhat makes the finches on the Galapagos Islands a good example of adaptive radiation? The thirteen different species of finches developed after there was a mass extinction on the Galapagos Islands. All thirteen species of finches came from the mainland. However, over time, the finches specialized to their area on the island, and their beaks evolved to help them survive predators. The finches were native to the islands. Over time, more finches from different areas came to the islands and crossbred with the other species on the island, creating more species of finches. There are thirteen different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands. All thirteen species of finches share a common ancestor from the mainland. The different species of finches filled the vacant niches on the island and specialized.arrow_forward
- Clade A began diversifying 20 million years ago. There are 33 living species in Clade A and 6 species have gone extinct. Clade B began diversifying 10 million years ago. It has 14 living species and 5 species in Clade B have gone extinct. CALCULATE SPECIATION, EXTINCTION AND NET DIVERSIFICATION RATE (to the nearest 2 decimal places) TO DETERMINE WHETHER NET DIVERSIFICATION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO CLADES. Clade B has higher net diversification because despite having a higher extinction rate, it also has a higher speciation rate compared with Clade A. Clade A has higher net diversification because despite having a lower speciation rate, it also has a lower extinction rate compared with Clade B. Clade A has higher net diversification because it has both a higher speciation rate and a lower extinction rate than Clade B. Clades A and B have the same net diversification; Clade A has a higher speciation rate, but Clade B has a lower extinction rate. Clades A and B have the same net…arrow_forwardnew species divergence Which row below identifies the model of evolution shown in this diagram and offers the best explanation of this model? The statement above is best completed by the answers in row: Row Model Explanation evolutionary history consists of long periods of equilibrium where there is little change, interrupted by periods of speciation gradualism punctuated equilibrium gradual change occurs steadily in a linear fashion; big changes (such as the evolution of a new species) occur as a result of many small changes gradual change occurs steadily in a linear fashion; big changes (such as the evolution of a new species) occur as a result of many small changes gradualism punctuated equilibrium evolutionary history consists of long periods of equilibrium where there is little change, interrupted by periods of speciation Timearrow_forwardWhich of the following scenarios best explains how resource partitioning can lead to adaptive radiation? The lack of competition between individuals leads to better survival and reproduction rates. The utilization of different resources requires different adaptations, selecting for different traits. The lack of competition leads to a more balanced ecosystem, resulting in more offspring. There is no connection between adaptive radiation and the resource partitioning in nature.arrow_forward
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