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BIO Radiofrequency Ablation In radiofrequency (RF) ablation, a small needle is inserted into a cancerous tumor. When radiofrequency oscillating currents are sent into the needle, ions in the neighboring tissue respond by vibrating rapidly causing local heating to temperatures as high as 100 °C This kills the cancerous cells and because of the small size of the needle relatively few of the surrounding healthy cells. A typical RF ablation treatment uses a frequency of 750 kHz. What is the wavelength that such radio waves would have in a vacuum?
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- A particle of cosmic dust has a density =2.0g/cm3 , (a) Assuming the dust particles are spherical and light absorbing, and are at the same distance as Earth from the Sun, determine the particle size for which radiation pressure from sunlight is equal to the Sun's force of gravity on the dust particle, (b) Explain how the forces compare if the particle radius is smaller, (c) Explain what this implies about the sizes of dust particle likely to be present in the inner solar system compared with outside the Oort cloud.arrow_forwardTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique used to stimulate tedious of the human brain (Figure P31.3). In TMS, a small coil is placed on the scalp and a brief burst of current in the coil produces a rapidly changing magnetic field inside the brain. The induced emf can stimulate neuronal activity. (a) One such device generates an upward magnetic Held within the brain that rises from zero to 1.50 T in 120 ms. Determine the induced emf around a horizontal circle of tissue of radius 1.60 mm. (b) What If? The field next changes to 0.500 T downward in 80.0 ms. How does the emf induced in this process compare with that in part (a)? Figure P31.3 Problems 3 and 51. The magnetic coil of a Neurostar TMS apparatus is held near the head of a patient.arrow_forwardUnreasonable results To construct a non-mechanical water meter, a 0.500-T magnetic field is placed across the supply water pipe to a home and the Hall voltage is recorded, (a) Find the flow rate through a 3.00-cm-diameter pipe if the Hall voltage is 60.0 mV. (b) What would the Hail voltage be for the same flow rate through a 10,0-cm- diameter pipe with tire same field applied?arrow_forward
- Lunar astronauts placed a reflector on the Moon's Surface, off which a laser beam is periodically reflected. The distance to the Moon is calculated from the round-trip time. (a) To what accuracy in meters can the distance to the Moon be determined, if this time can be measured to 0.100 ns? (b) What percent accuracy is this, given the average distance to the Moon is 3.84108m ?arrow_forward(a) An oxygen16 ion with a mass at 2.661026kg travels at 5.00106m/s perpendicular to a 1.20T magnetic field, which makes it move in a circular arc with a 0.231-m radius. What positive charge is on the ion? (b) What is the radio of this charge to the charge of an electron? (c) Discuss why the radio found in (b) should be an integer.arrow_forwardA heart surgeon monitors the flow rate of blood through an artery using an electromagnetic flowmeter (Fig. P28.47). Electrodes A and B make contact with the outer surface of the blood vessel, which has a diameter of 3.00 mm. (a) For a magnetic field magnitude of 0.040 0 T, an emf of 160 V appears between the electrodes. Calculate the speed of the blood. (b) Explain why electrode A has to be positive as shown. (c) Does the sign of the emf depend on whether the mobile ions in the blood are predominantly positively or negatively charged? Explain.arrow_forward
- An astronaut is connected to her spacecraft by a 25-m-long tether cord as she and the spacecraft orbit Earth in a circular path at a speed of 3.0 105 m/s. At one instant, the voltage measured between the ends of a wire embedded in the cord is measured to be 0.45 V. Assume the long dimension of the cord is perpendicular to the vertical component of Earths magnetic field at that instant. (a) What is the magnitude of the vertical component of Earths field at this location? (b) Does the measured voltage change as the system moves from one location to another? Explain.arrow_forwardThe picture tube in an old black-and-white television uses magnetic deflection coils rather than electric deflection plates. Suppose an electron beam is accelerated through a 50.0-kV potential difference and then through a region of uniform magnetic field 1.00 cm wide. The screen is located 10.0 cm from the center of the coils and is 50.0 cm wide. When the field is turned off, the electron beam hits the center of the screen. Ignoring relativistic corrections, what field magnitude is necessary to deflect the beam to the side of the screen?arrow_forwardUnreasonable Results Frustrated by the small Hall voltage obtained in blood flow measurements, a medical physicist decides to increase the applied magnetic field strength to get a 0.500V output for blood moving at 30.0 cm/s in a 1.50cmdiameter vessel. (a) What magnetic field strength is needed? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which premise is responsible?arrow_forward
- An astronaut is connected to her spacecraft by a 25-m-long tether cord as she and the spacecraft orbit Earth in a circular path at a speed of 3.0 105 m/s. At one instant, the voltage measured between the ends of a wire embedded in the cord is measured to be 0.45 V. Assume the long dimension of the cord is perpendicular to the vertical component of Earths magnetic field at that instant. (a) What is the magnitude of the vertical component of Earths field at this location? (b) Does the measured voltage change as the system moves from one location to another? Explain.arrow_forwardA community plans to build a facility to convert solar radiation to electrical power. The community requires 1.00 MW of power, and the system to be installed has an efficiency of 30.0% (that is, 30.0% of the solar energy incident on the surface is converted to useful energy that can power the community). Assuming sunlight has a constant intensity of 1 000 W/m2, what must be the effective area of a perfectly absorbing surface used in such an installation?arrow_forward
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