Concept explainers
To describe: The results obtainedby Cooper and colleagues after the comparison of sequences of DNA.
Introduction: The differentiation or classification ofthe species on the basis of evolutionary relationships between the organisms is called “cladistics.”By usinga cladisticapproach, the characters which are shared or not shared between a number of species can be representedin the form of a phylogenetic tree.
To determine: The proposed phylogeny of flightless birds affected by the results of the study.
Introduction: The differentiation or classification ofthe species on the basis of evolutionary relationships between the organisms is called “cladistics.” By using a cladisticapproach, the characters which are shared or not shared between a number of species can be representedin the form of a phylogenetic tree.
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BIOLOGY: TULANE CUSTOM
- Please do fast How old are the first recognizable mammals relative to the K/T boundary layer (i.e., extinction of the dinosaurs), and from what reptilian lineage did they evolve? Is this lineage the same reptilian lineage that gave rise to birds? How are these lineages distinguished? Hold old are the first fossil birds? What other plant/animal lineages first became widespread in the Tertiary that were less common in the Cretaceous?..arrow_forwardPractice Portfolio Activity, Part 1 Five species of Xenite-an imaginary animal-have been found on a planet in another solar system. Based on the order of the rock layers in which fossils were found, species A appears to be the oldest and probably the most primitive. There is no evidence to support the relative age of the other species of Xenite. A в с Be the evolutionary biologist, and complete the following activities to build a cladogram of Xenites. a. spines b. eyestalks c. tail D d. mouth 1. Create a table noting which species of Xenite has each characteristic below, marking each as yes or no. E 2. Study your table, and figure out the order of evolution of each character. You have been given reason to believe that, based on the fossil record, Xenite A is the ancestral species. For the Xenites, consider what appear to be homologies and analogies. Create your cladogram for the Xenites. You may upload a picture of a drawing of your table and your tree using the image box.arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Describe how Tiktaalik’sfeatures illustrate Darwin’s concept of descentwith modification (see Concept 22.2).arrow_forward
- Hello, I need help answering number 5 questions using the phylogeny below pls & thank you! 5.a) In the 1990s, when only mitochondrial DNA sequencing was available, geneticists claimed that there was no hybridization between humans (Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). Does the phylogeny shown above support the claim humans did not hybridize with Neanderthals in the past? How can you tell? b) Once nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes. Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals? Why? c) Did female H. sapiens hybridize with Neanderthal males to produce fertile offspring that then back-crossed with modern humans? What does the graph say about this? d) Did male H. sapiens hybridize with Neanderthal females that then back-crossed with modern humans? What does the graph say about this? Picture reference:…arrow_forwardMolecular sequence data indicate that Xenoturbella is a deuteros-tome. Are there corresponding morphological characters?arrow_forwardDescribe at least two major changes to the animal phylogenetic tree that have come about due to molecular or genetic findings.arrow_forward
- of this =rab or ditions ionary escen- se or 5. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among the Caminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they are virtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are examples of vestigial structures in our own species. Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species' evolutionary past. Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species.arrow_forwardQ113: Write a short answer for each question. • Expensive Tissue Hypothesis is an important concept that accounts for which major morphological change in the hominin family tree? • What major selective pressures and resource niches are hypothesized to have led to these changes? Be sure to include specific species and their morphological features that support this hypothesis. Note: no copy, no plagiarism write your own words.arrow_forwardWhat is plausible evidence supporting the hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs? Please choose the best option. a) Dinosaurs and birds are both predatory.b) Fossilized transitional forms are discovered that possess features of birds and dinosaurs yet are difficult to classify into either group.c) The wing structure of a bird is similar to a dinosaur.d) Bird fossils can be found alongside dinosaur fossils.arrow_forward
- 1. Concept Check The similarity in bone structure and arrangement between cats and bats suggests that Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Human Cat Whale Bat a) bats originated from bird-like ancestors. b) bats originated from four-legged ancestors, such as cats. c) modern bats fly much faster than ancient bat species. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Concept Check Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection as the mechanism of evolution based on three observations about nature. Which of the following were part of Darwin's observations? a) Populations have the potential to produce more individuals than the environment can support. b) Individuals in some populations have varied characteristics. Variation in individuals appears to be inherited. d) all of the above © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.arrow_forward7) Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Select all the statements that are supported by this tree. A) Gray whales are the common ancestor of the Blue and Humpback whales. B) Blue and humpback whales diverged more recently than either did from the gray whale. C) The Bryde's whale shares a more recent common ancestor with the Sei whale than with the Fin whale. D) The blue and the Bryde's whale have more traits in common with each other than with any other two species, E) Southern minke whales and Northern minke whales have more traits in common with each other than with any other species. Not Gradedarrow_forwardReferring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis? 2. How many clades are there? 3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why? 4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?arrow_forward
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