EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25.6, Problem 2MQ
Summary Introduction
The ability of the certain toxin to cause a disease resulting in malfunctioning of the cells or tissues is called as toxicity. Toxins can be classified as exotoxins and endotoxins depending on their mode of action and other structural components. Exotoxins can be classified into three categories: AB toxins, cytotoxins, and superantigen exotoxins. These kinds of toxins move from affected sites to other parts of cell thereby spreading the infection to each and every cell of the body.
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Describe the differences in bacterial endotoxin and bacterial exotoxins with respect to mode of action, signs and symptoms, and body’s response to these toxins. What would you say is the logical reason bacteria make toxins?
Why is it incorrect to say that bacteria produce toxins to harm their host?
Choose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread.
A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera.
B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following:
1. Identification of
a) the pathogen,
b) the reservoir
c) means of transmission
d) the susceptible host
2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention.
3. Include references and relevant data.
Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
Ch. 25.1 - What event is required but not sufficient to cause...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.3 - What are virulence factors? How can the LD50 test...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.6 - What key features are shared by all AB exotoxins?Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.7 - QDistinguish between the mechanism of cytotoxins...Ch. 25.8 - What part of the Escherichia coli cell contains...Ch. 25.8 - Why is it necessary to test for endotoxin in water...Ch. 25.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25 - Coagulase is a virulence factor for Staphylococcus...Ch. 25 - Although mutants incapable of producing exotoxins...
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- Compare endotoxins and exotoxins produced by bacteria to include: 1) the type(s) or source(s) of bacteria that produce each toxin2) what each toxin is composed of3) how each toxin is released into the environmentarrow_forwardHere are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin. Choose two of them and answer the following questions: 1. Is it an exotoxin or an endotoxin? 2. Which bacterial species produces it? 3. Briefly describe its mode of action and how it causes damage to the host cells. Include specific signs and symptoms.arrow_forwardBelow are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)arrow_forward
- Below are listed the LD-50 values for toxins from specific isolates of a bacterial species. Which toxin would be considered the "most lethal"?Diptheria toxin . .1 mg/kgClostridium difficile enterotoxin A .5 mg/kgV. cholerae toxin 250 mg/kgB. pertussis toxin 15 mg/kg a)diptheria toxin b)enterotoxin A c)V. cholerae toxin d)B. pertussis toxinarrow_forwardExplain three reasons why infection may not occur after microorganisms enter the body? Solve it.arrow_forwardDescribe three different ways in which exotoxins can be transported from a human pathogenic bacterium into a host cellarrow_forward
- Name two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the disease and when confronted with the pathogen outside of the host. Be careful to specify if it is a physical method or a chemical method .Control of growth means how would you deal with an infection related to a person as well as how would you minimize the presence of the bacteria on a surface or object.arrow_forwardWhile it is true that not all coliforms are pathogenic under normal conditions, please name two situations that can occur due to infection by pathogenic strains.arrow_forwardCorrelate zoonotic bacterial infection and disease severity with bacterial virulence factorsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)arrow_forwardAre bacterial growth and infection in the host necessary forthe production of toxins? Explain and cite examples for youranswerarrow_forwardName two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the disease and when confronted with the pathogen outside of the host. Be careful to specify if it is a physical method or a chemical method (check lecture to differentiate these two). Control of growth means how would you deal with an infection related to a person as well as how would you minimize the presence of the bacteria on a surface or object.arrow_forward
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