Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The monophyletic group is a term used in cladistics to categorize the organisms. This is comprised of all the descendants of a single ancestor.
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The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is thought to be necessary for transcription in all eukaryotic cell nuclei. Studies show that archaea, but not bacteria,have a protein structurally and functionally similar to TBP. What does this similarity suggest regarding the evolution of archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes? How might knowledge of this similarity affect how systematists classify these organisms?
Based on the emerging data, should the existing ‘3 Domains of Life – Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya’ be formally revoked and replaced by only 2 Domains?
What is the significance of the Last universal common ancestor (LUCA) in this matter?
Based on the emerging data, should the existing ‘3 Domains of Life – Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya’ be formally revoked and replaced by only 2 Domains? Provide 3 reasons.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 26 - 1. What do some photosynthetic bacteria use as a...Ch. 26 - What are organisms called that use inorganic...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 26 - 5. What has metagenomic analysis allowed...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 26 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 26 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 26 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE Streptococcus mutans obtains...Ch. 26 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE Suppose that you’ve been hired...
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- Archaea (formerly known as archaebacteria) is one of the three major divisions of living organisms; the other two are eubacteria and eukaryotes. Nanoarchaeum equitans is in the Archaea domain and has one of the smallest genomes known, about 0.5 Mb. How can an organism complete its life cycle with so little genetic material?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about eukaryotes is correct? - Eukaryotes are life forms that possess a nucleus in the cells. - Some cellular features, such as endoplasmic reticulum, is uniquely eukaryotic and is not shared with either bacteria or archaea. - It has been hypothesized that the first eukaryotic cell is a chimera between a bacterium and an archaeon. - During phylogenetic reconstruction, it is often found that eukaryotic genes that are responsible for information processing are more closely related to corresponding archaeal genes than to bacterial genes. - All of the abovearrow_forwardGive explanation Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the phylogenetic tree shown? a) Bacteria and archaea are equally related to to eukarya b) Plants and ciliates are more closely related than plants and animals c) Green sulfur bacterial are more closely related to archaea than the Thermotogales d) Methanosarcina and Haloarchaea are equally related to Methanococcus e) Flavobacteria are the last common ancestor between bacteria and eukaryaarrow_forward
- This chapter shows a phylogenetic tree for the three domains of life, which is based on DNA sequence data for rRNA and other genes. Which of the following answers concerning the phylogenetic relationships found within this tree is incorrect? View Available Hint(s)for Part A Euryarcheotes are found in the Archaea Diatoms, Tubulinids, and Euglenozoans belong to the domain Eukarya Forams, Fungi, and Chlamydias belong to the domain Eukarya. Spirochetes belong to the domain Bacteria Ciliates, Red Algae, and Plants belong to the domain Eukarya.arrow_forwardWhy were Archaea originally thought to be simply unusual forms of Bacteria? What lines of evidence showed this domain to form a distinct branch on the tree of life?arrow_forwardHow many possible different trees (branching pat-terns) can in theory be drawn to display the evolution ofbacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, assuming that they allarose from a common ancestor?arrow_forward
- All living things are divided into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. They have several traits that are specific to each domain or shared across the domains. Based on this information, what traits would the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) be expected to have? A. Nuclear envelope, introns in genes, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. B. Histones associated with DNA, circular chromosome, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. C. Unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, histones associated with DNA, and introns in genes. D. Circular chromosome, unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, and one kind of RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardImagine that you have discovered a new form of microbial life,one that appears to represent a fourth domain. How wouldyou go about characterizing the new organism anddetermining if it actually is evolutionarily distinct fromBacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?arrow_forwardDiscuss the Endosymbiotic Theory. Do you think it is a strong explanation on how the eukaryotes emerged on Earth?arrow_forward
- All of the following statements are true about the3-domain classification system EXCEPT:(a) The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.(b) Lateral gene transfer has forced us to rethink our do-main model from a “tree of life” to a “shrub of life.”(c) Domains are higher than the category of kingdoms.(d) Compared to Bacteria, Archaea inhabit the same en-virons and have the same amount of peptidoglycan intheir cell walls.(e) All of the above are true.arrow_forward. Which of the following prokaryotic kingdoms is characterized by the absence of a nucleus, the absence of histone proteins, the presence of fatty acids ester-linked to glycerol in their G-3-P cell membrane, and the presence of enzymes for constructing a peptidoglycan cell wall? kingdom Archaeobacteria kingdom Animalia kingdom Fungi kingdom Plantae kingdom Eubacteriaarrow_forwardEukaryotes are sometimes termed nature’s master builders. Why is this a more apt description for members of the Eukaryotic branch tree of life than Prokaryotic branches life?arrow_forward
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