Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 20RQ
The control of blood pH by the kidneys during acidosis involves (a) the secretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate ions from the tubular fluid, (b) a decrease in the amount of water reabsorbed, (c) hydrogen ion reabsorption and bicarbonate ion loss, (d) potassium ion secretion.
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Explain the relationship of the following to renal secretion and excretion of hydrogen ions: (a) plasma carbon dioxide levels, (b) phosphate, and (c) sodium bicarbonate reabsorption.
drugs known as potassium-sparing diuretics work by blocking the effects of aldosterone on the kidney. what effect would these drugs have on the amount of urine produced, on the blood pressure, and on potassium ion concentration in the blood? could these drugs have a negative impact on the acid-base balance of the body? explain.
Please help me with these questions, more than one answer may be correct for each:1) Which of the following statements are true about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?
A)
Angiotensin II stimulates production of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption
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Renin converts angiotensinogen to angotensin I
C)
Angiotensin II stimulates production of vasopressin, which increases aquaporins in the collecting duct
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Vasopressin decreases thirst
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2) The purpose of excretion is to
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maintain internal pH
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remove harmful substances
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maintain plasma volume
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maintain osmotic balance
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maintain internal solute concentration
Chapter 26 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CPCh. 26 - Prob. 2CPCh. 26 - Prob. 3CPCh. 26 - Prob. 4CPCh. 26 - Damage to which part of a nephron would interfere...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6CPCh. 26 - Prob. 7CPCh. 26 - List the factors that influence net filtration...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9CPCh. 26 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 26 - Prob. 11CPCh. 26 - Prob. 12CPCh. 26 - Prob. 13CPCh. 26 - Prob. 14CPCh. 26 - Prob. 15CPCh. 26 - What effect would a high-protein diet have on the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 17CPCh. 26 - Prob. 18CPCh. 26 - Prob. 19CPCh. 26 - Define nephrolithiasis.Ch. 26 - Prob. 21CPCh. 26 - Prob. 22CPCh. 26 - Prob. 23CPCh. 26 - Prob. 1RQCh. 26 - The basic functional unit of the kidney is the (a)...Ch. 26 - The process of urine formation involves all of the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4RQCh. 26 - The distal convoluted tubule is an important site...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6RQCh. 26 - Prob. 7RQCh. 26 - Prob. 8RQCh. 26 - Trace the pathway of the protein-free filtrate...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10RQCh. 26 - Prob. 11RQCh. 26 - Prob. 12RQCh. 26 - Prob. 13RQCh. 26 - What are the primary effects of angiotensin II on...Ch. 26 - Prob. 15RQCh. 26 - When the renal threshold for a substance exceeds...Ch. 26 - Prob. 17RQCh. 26 - Prob. 18RQCh. 26 - When ADH levels rise, (a) the amount of water...Ch. 26 - The control of blood pH by the kidneys during...Ch. 26 - Prob. 21RQCh. 26 - Prob. 22RQCh. 26 - Prob. 23RQCh. 26 - Prob. 24RQCh. 26 - Prob. 25RQCh. 26 - Prob. 26RQCh. 26 - In response to excess water in the body, (a)...Ch. 26 - Prob. 28RQCh. 26 - Prob. 29RQCh. 26 - What effect would drinking a solution of mannitol...Ch. 26 - The drug Diamox is sometimes used to treat...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26 - What will likely happen to the glomerular...
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- Explain how the kidneys help to maintain the balance of acids and bases in extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardWhy is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forwardWhat is the appropriate compensatory response to an acid-load to the blood? A) Decrease renal H+ excretion B) Increase respiration to lower CO2 C) Decrease respiration to raise CO2 D) Decrease renal bicarbonate productionarrow_forward
- Indicate whether the following statements are true or false :(a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.(b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.(c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.(d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.(e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.arrow_forward50. During an in vitro experiment studying aldosterone secretion, an isolated adrenal gland is perfused with various concentrations of potassium and angiotensin II. Which of the following combinations of potassium and angiotensin II will cause the greatest increase in aldosterone secretion? Angiotensin II A) B) C) D) E) F) G) 1) Potassium Increased Increased Increased Normal Normal Normal Decreased Decreased Decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreasedarrow_forwardWhich of the following would accompany a loss of kidney function: (a) accumulation of wastes, (b) anemia, (c) changes in blood pressure, or (d) acid-base imbalance?arrow_forward
- You quickly drink 1l strong beer (6% alcohol) with low Na + content. What will happen to your a) urine volume and b) urine osmolarity in relation to your blood?arrow_forwardDescribe the role of the kidneys in regulating sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and acid-base balance.arrow_forwardDescribe the effect of sodium reabsorption on the reabsorption of negatively charged ions.arrow_forward
- You quickly drink 1l strong beer (6% alcohol) with low Na + content. What will happen to your a) urine volume and b) urine osmolarity in relation to your blood? NOTE! Also explain the physiological mechanisms behind these changes.arrow_forward50. During an in vitro experiment studying aldosterone secretion, an isolated adrenal gland is perfused with various concentrations of potassium and angiotensin II. Which of the following combinations of potassium and angiotensin II will cause the greatest increase in aldosterone secretion? Angiotensin II Į ( A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) 1) Potassium Increased Increased Increased Normal Normal Normal Decreased Decreased Decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreasedarrow_forward
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