* Space travel An explorer travels at speed
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 26 Solutions
College Physics
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
- An interstellar space probe is launched from Earth. After a brief period of acceleration, it moves with a constant velocity, 70.0% of the speed of light. Its nuclear-powered batteries supply the energy to keep its data transmitter active continuously. The batteries have a lifetime of 15.0 years as measured in a rest frame. (a) How long do the batteries on the space probe last as measured by mission control on Earth? (b) How far is the probe from Earth when its batteries fail as measured by mission control? (c) How far is the probe from Earth as measured by its built-in trip odometer when its batteries fail? (d) For what total time after launch are data received from the probe by mission control? Note dial radio waves travel at the speed of light and fill the space between the probe and Earth at the time the battery fails.arrow_forwardAn interstellar space probe is launched from Earth. After a brief period of acceleration, it moves with a constant velocity, 70.0% of the speed of light. Its nuclear-powered batteries supply the energy to keep its data transmitter active continuously. The batteries have a lifetime of 15.0 years as mean red in a rest frame. (a) How long do the batteries on the space probe last as measured by mission control on Earth? (b) How far is the probe from Earth when its batteries fail as measured by mission control? (c) How far is the probe from Earth as measured by its built-in trip odometer when its batteries fail? (d) For what total time after launch are data received from the probe by mission control? Note that radio waves travel at the speed of light and till the space between the probe and Earth at the time the battery fails.arrow_forwardYou have an assistantship with a math professor in a future world where space travel is common and spacecraft regularly achieve near-light speeds. A spacecraft has taken of recently to carry individuals to colonize an Earth-like planet around a nearby star. Your professor, who remains on Earth, is teaching the students on the spacecraft via the future version of distance learning. It is time for the students on the spacecraft to take a math exam. The professor wishes the students to have a time interval tp = 2.00 h to complete the exam, so just as the spacecraft passes Earth on its last trip around the Sun at its constant cruising speed of 0.960c, she sends a signal to the proctor to have the students begin the exam. Knowing of your experience in physics courses, the professor asks you to determine the time interval through which she should wait before sending a radio signal to the departing spacecraft to tell the proctor to have the students stop working on the exam.arrow_forward
- Review. A global positioning system (GPS) satellite moves in a circular orbit with period 11 h 58 min. (a) Determine the radius of its orbit. (b) Determine its speed. (c) The nonmilitary GPS signal is broadcast at a frequency of 1 575.42 MHz in the reference frame of the satellite. When it is received on the Earths surface by a GPS receiver (Fig. P38.41), what is the fractional change in this frequency due to time dilation as described by special relativity? (d) The gravitational blueshift of the frequency according to general relativity is a separate effect. It is called a blueshift to indicate a change to a higher frequency. The magnitude of that fractional change is given by ff=Ugmc2 where Ug is the change in gravitational potential energy of an objectEarth system when the object of mass m is moved between the two points where the signal is observed. Calculate this fractional change in frequency due to the change in position of the satellite from the Earths surface to its orbital position. (e) What is the overall fractional change in frequency due to both time dilation and gravitational blueshift? Figure P38.41arrow_forwardAn astronaut wishes to visit the Andromeda galaxy, making a one-way trip that will take 30.0 years in the space-ships frame of reference. Assume the galaxy is 2.00 million light-years away and his speed is constant. (a) How fast must he travel relative to Earth? (b) What will be the kinetic energy of his spacecraft, which has mass of 1.00 106 kg? (c) What is the cost of this energy if it is purchased at a typical consumer price for electric energy, 13.0 cents per kWh? The following approximation will prove useful: 11+x1x2forx1arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider an astronaut traveling to another star at a relativistic velocity. Construct a problem in which you calculate the time for the trip as observed on the Earth and as observed by the astronaut. Also calculate the amount of mass that must be converted to energy to get the astronaut and ship to the velocity travelled. Among the things to be considered are the distance to the star, the velocity, and the mass of the astronaut and ship. Unless your instructor directs you otherwise, do not include any energy given to other masses, such as rocket propellants.arrow_forward
- Electrons in projection television sets are accelerated through a total potential difference of 50,000 V. (a) Calculate the speed of the electrons using the relativistic form of kinetic energy assuming the electrons start from rest. (b) Calculate the speed of the electrons using the classical form of kinetic energy. (c) Is the difference in speed significant in the design of this set in your opinion?arrow_forwardSpeed of light in a moving medium. The motion of a medium such as water influences the speed of light. This effect was first observed by Fizeau in 1851. Consider a light beam passing through a horizontal column of water moving with a speed v. (a) Show that if the beam travels in the same direction as the flow of water, the speed of light measured in the laboratory frame is given by where n is the index of refraction of the water. (Hint: Use the inverse Lorentz velocity transformation and note that the speed of light with respect to the moving frame is given by c/n.) (b) Show that for v << c, the preceding expression is in good agreement with Fizeau’s experimental result: This proves that the Lorentz velocity transformation and not the Galilean velocity transformation is correct for light.arrow_forwardNear the center of our galaxy, hydrogen gas is moving directly away from us in its orbit about a black hole. We receive 1900 nm electromagnetic radiation and know that it was 1875 nm when emitted by the hydrogen gas. What is the speed of the gas?arrow_forward
- Choose the option that makes the following statement correct. Two events at a single location define a time interval. The proper time interval tp, is measured by an observer [(a) at rest; (b) moving] relative to the location where the two events occur.arrow_forwardUnreasonable Results A spaceship is heading directly toward the Earth at a velocity of 0.800c. The astronaut on board claims that he can send a canister toward the Earth at 1.20c relative to the Earth. (a) Calculate the velocity the canister must have relative to the spaceship. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?arrow_forwardA spaceship (A) is moving at speed c/2 with to another spaceship (B). Observers in A and B set their clocks so that the event at (x, y, z, t) of turning on a laser in spaceship B has coordinates (0, 0, 0, 0) in A and also (0, 0, 0, 0) in B. An observer at the origin of B turns on the laser at and tums it off at in his time. What is the time duration between on and off as seen by an observer in A?arrow_forward
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning