Introduction to Algorithms
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780262033848
Author: Thomas H. Cormen, Ronald L. Rivest, Charles E. Leiserson, Clifford Stein
Publisher: MIT Press
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Chapter 26.4, Problem 8E
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To show that the GENERIC-PUSH-RELABEL procedure maintains the properties that
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Suppose you are given a directed graph G = (V, E) with a positive integer capacity ?? on each edge e, a designated source s ∈ V, and a designated sink t ∈ V. You are also given an integer maximum s-t flow value ?? on each edge e. Now suppose we pick a specific edge e belongs E and increase its capacity by one unit. Show how to find a maximum flow in the resulting capacitated graph in O(m + n), where m is the number of edges in G and n is the number on nodes.
Let G = (V, E) be a flow network with source s and sink t. We say that an edge e is a bottleneck in G if it belongs to every minimum capacity cut separating s from t. Give a polynomial-time algorithm to determine if a given edge e is a bottleneck in G.
Is it a bottleneck?
Let G=(V,E) be a flow network with source s and t sink. We say that an edge e is a bottleneck if it crosses every minimum-capacity cut separating s from t. Give an efficient algorithm to determine if a given edge e is a bottleneck in G and explain the complexity.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Introduction to Algorithms
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- Let (u, v) be a directed edge in arbitrary flow network G. Prove that if there is a minimum (s, t)-cut (S, T) such that u ∈ S and v ∈ T, then there is no minimum cut (S', T' ) such that u ∈ T' , v ∈ S' ). Note that by definition of cut, s ∈ S, t ∈ T, and similarly s ∈ S' , t ∈ T'.arrow_forwardDevelop an SP client that performs a sensitivity analysis on the edge-weighted digraph’s edges with respect to a given pair of vertices s and t: Compute a V-by-V boolean matrix such that, for every v and w, the entry in row v and column w is true if v->w is an edge in the edge-weighted digraphs whose weight can be increasedwithout the shortest-path length from v to w being increased and is false otherwise.arrow_forwardConsider the first image, a weighted directed network with nodes named A, B, C, D, E, F : Which of the following most accurately describes the connectedness of this network? Strongly Weakly Disconnected None of the What is the in-strength of node D? What is the out-strength of node C? How many nodes are in the largest strongly connected component? Consider the second network numbered from 1 to 6: Which of the following most accurately describes the connectedness of this network? Strongly Weakly Disconnected None of the When discussing path lengths on a weighted graph, one must first define how the weights are related to the length of a path between two nodes is then the sum of the distances of the links in that path. Consider the previous network and assume that the link weights represent distances. Using this distance metric, what is the shortest path between nodes 1 and 6?arrow_forward
- Consider an arbitrary connected undirected graph network, with unique identifiers for nodes. We run a deterministic distributed algorithm, such that each node retains an edge only to its lowest indexed neighbour. An edge is retained, if at least one of its two endpoints retains it. A node communicates to that neighbour with which it is retaining its edge, to that effect. Then, the retained sub networkarrow_forwardrate(F, C) = cap(C): To prove this, it is sufficient to prove that everyedge u, v crossing from U to V has flow in F at capacity (Fu,v = cu,v) andevery edge v, u crossing back from V to U has zero flow in F. These give thatrate(F, C) = u∈Uv∈V [Fu,v − Fv,u] = u∈Uv∈V [cu,v − 0] = cap(C).arrow_forwardYou are given a graph G = (V, E) with positive edge weights, and a minimum spanning tree T = (V, E') with respect to these weights; you may assume G and T are given as adjacency lists. Now suppose the weight of a particular edge e in E is modified from w(e) to a new value w̃(e). You wish to quickly update the minimum spanning tree T to reflect this change, without recomputing the entire tree from scratch. There are four cases. In each case give a linear-time algorithm for updating the tree. Note, you are given the tree T and the edge e = (y, z) whose weight is changed; you are told its old weight w(e) and its new weight w~(e) (which you type in latex by widetilde{w}(e) surrounded by double dollar signs). In each case specify if the tree might change. And if it might change then give an algorithm to find the weight of the possibly new MST (just return the weight or the MST, whatever's easier). You can use the algorithms DFS, Explore, BFS, Dijkstra's, SCC, Topological Sort as…arrow_forward
- Given the adjacency matrix of an undirected simple graph G = (V, E) mapped in a naturalfashion onto a mesh of size n2, in Θ(n) time a directed breadth-first spanning forest T = (V, A) can becreated. As a byproduct, the undirected breadth-first spanning forest edge set EA can also be created,where EA consists of the edges of A and the edges of A directed in the opposite direction.arrow_forwarda. Build an adjacency matrix ? for this map. b. How many paths of length 2 from V5 to V1 exist? c. How many paths of length 3 from V5 to V1 exist?arrow_forwardShow the final flow that the Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm finds for this network, given that it proceeds to completion from the flow rates you have given in your answer to part, and augments flow along the edges (?,?1,?3,?) and (?,?2,?5,?). Identify a cut of the network that has a cut capacity equal to the maximum flow of the network.arrow_forward
- Let G = (V, E) be a connected, undirected graph, and let s be a fixed vertex in G. Let TB be the spanning tree of G found by a bread first search starting from s, and similarly TD the spanning tree found by depth first search, also starting at s. (As in problem 1, these trees are just sets of edges; the order in which they were traversed by the respective algorithms is irrelevant.) Using facts, prove that TB = TD if and only if TB = TD = E, i.e., G is itself a tree.arrow_forwardTrue or false. If true, give a brief explanation justifying the statement. If false, provide a counterexample. - If you are given a flow network (labeled F), let (L,R) be a minimum capacity cut in the flow graph. If the capacity of all of the graph edges is increased by 1, then (L,R) is still a minimum capacity cut in our new modified graph.arrow_forwardAlgorithm: Network Flow(Maximu Flow, Ford-Fulkerson) and Application of Flow (Minimum Cuts, Bipartite Matching) Consider a flow network and an arbitrary s, t-cut (S, T). We know that by definition s must always be on the S "side" of a cut and t is always going to be on the T "side" of the cut. Obviously, this is true for any cut. Now, consider minimum cuts. This is obviously still true for s and t, but what about other vertices in the flow network? Are there vertices that will always be on one side or the other in every minimum cut? Let's define these notions more concretely. • We say a vertex v is source-docked if v ∈ S for all minimum cuts (S, T). • We say a vertex v is sink-docked if v ∈ T for all minimum cuts (S, T). • We say a vertex v is undocked if v is neither source-docked nor sink-docked. That is, there exist minimum cuts (S, T) and (S 0 , T0 ) such that v ∈ S and v ∈ T' Give an algorithm that takes as input a flow network G and assigns each vertex to one of the three…arrow_forward
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