Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Gnathostomes are also known as jawed vertebrates that came into existence around 450 million years ago. They had tail and paired fins that made them highly successful predators in the aquatic habitat.
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Which of the following could be considered the most recentcommon ancestor of living tetrapods?(A) a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrialvertebrates(B) an armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages(C) an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletalsupports in its paired fins(D) a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeletonbut moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes
Based on the diagram, which statement is true about the evolution of animals?
A.
Echinoderms evolved after chordates.
B.
Mineralized skeletons deveoloped before notocords.
C.
Chrondricthyes share chordate ancestors with myxini.
D.
The ancestral deutrosome had a notocord and vertebrae
Which of the following list places the important evolutionary innovations in the correct order of appearance in the chordate phylogeny?
a.
Vertebrae - bony skeleton - notochord - jaws - internal nares - lobe fins
b.
Jaws - notochord - bony skeleton - vertebrae - lobe fins - internal nares
c.
Notochord - jaws - vertebrae - internal nares - lobe fins - bony skeleton
d.
Notochord - vertebrae - jaws - bony skeleton - lobe fins - internal nares
Chapter 27 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.2 - What is the Cambrian explosion? Why is it...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Would it be accurate to describe the...Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.4 - Describe two key adaptations of aquatic...Ch. 27.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The radiation of bilaterians in...Ch. 27.5 - Describe two adaptations that have enabled insects...
Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare and contrast how the...Ch. 27.6 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - WHAT IF? Which came first, the chicken or the egg?...Ch. 27.7 - Describe how ocean communities changed in the...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 27 - Fossil steroid and molecular clock evidence...Ch. 27 - Which of the following was probably the least...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In Figure 27.29, circle the...Ch. 27 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Early tetrapods had a...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Collectively, do these...
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- All chordates have a _______ as embryos. a. backbone b. jaws c. notochord d. kidneysarrow_forwardFigure 15.33 Which of the following statements about common features of chordates is true? a. The dorsal hollow nerve cord is part of the chordate central nervous system. b. In vertebrate fishes, the pharyngeal slits become the gills. c. Humans are not chordates because humans do not have a tail. d. Vertebrates do not have a notochord at any point in their development; instead, they have a vertebral column.arrow_forwardMembers of Chondrichthyes differ from members of Osteichthyes by having a _______. a. jaw b. bony skeleton c. cartilaginous skeleton d. two sets of paired finsarrow_forward
- Members of Chondrichthyes are thought to be descended from fishes that had ________. a. a cartilaginous skeleton b. a bony skeleton c. mucus glands d. slime glandsarrow_forwardAccording to a cladistically-based classification system, tarsiers are: A. Prosimians, partly because of their nocturnal habits and small body size B. Prosimians, partly because of the presence of a tapetum lucidum and a rhinarium C. Strepsirrhines, partly because of the presence of rhinarium and vomeronasal organ D. Haplorhines, partly because of their partial post-orbital closure and fused frontal bonesarrow_forwardThe earliest-diverging gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) were fish. Which one of the following statements about the characteristics of different groups of modern jawed fish is INCORRECT? a. Ray-finned fish possess a bony skeleton and an operculum covers the gills. b. Cartilaginous fish are denser than water and maintain buoyancy using fins and a large oil-filled liver. c. Lobe-finned fish such as dipnoi possess both gills and lungs. d. Ray-finned fish possess fins supported by skeletal extensions of the pectoral and pelvic areas and moved by muscles. e. Cartilaginous fish possess flexible cartilage skeletons, which is a derived character.arrow_forward
- Tetrapods evolved from_______ . a. sharks c. lobe-finned fishes b. teleosts d. placodermsarrow_forwardWhy are plesiadapiforms most likely the earliest primate ancestors? A. They do not have a postorbital bar or plate B. Their eyes are forward-facing C. They have grasping fingers D. They have clawsarrow_forwardIf members of a group, such as chordates , evolved from a common ancestor then they should show similarities in structure, which supports this hypothesis?arrow_forward
- Describe how paedomorphosis as a mechanism could explain the evolution of the chordate body plan (from echinoderm larval form to a craniate form).arrow_forwardWhat is one trait related to locomotion that Au. sediba shares with modern humans? A. Angled femurs B. Longer arms and shorter legs C. Long and thin pelvis D. A divergent big toe (big toe sticks out)arrow_forwardOn a research expedition to the Galapagos, you and your research team discover four new species! All the animals appear to be chordates, but each animal has distinct traits: Animal A: Both vertebral column and jaws Animal B: Vertebral column, jaws, limbs and lays amniotic eggs (amniote) Animal C: Vertebral column Animal D: Vertebral column, jaws and limbs A. Identify four derived characteristics that all chordates share. B. Based on your understanding of phylogeny, map the animals and their traits onto the phylogenetic tree provided below. In your response, list each number (1-8) and indicate which trait or animal corresponds to that position on the phylogenetic tree.arrow_forward
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