FUND.OF ANAT.+PHYSIO.-MOD.MASTER.(18W)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780136781202
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 8RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
pH of the body tissue is close to neutral. The factor that affects the pH of the tissue is the amount of carbon dioxide produced. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is involved in the formation of carbonic acid.
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The carbonic acid equilibrium is shown below. Exhalation of CO2 by the lungs causes this equilibrium to shift to the ______, which causes the pH of the blood to _______.
H+ + HCO3- <=> H2CO3 <=> H2O + CO2
a) left; increase
b) left; decrease
c) right; decrease
d) right; increase
In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by (a) high blood bicarbonate levels, (b) low blood bicarbonate levels, (c) rapid, deep breathing, (d) slow, shallow breathing.
Carbon dioxide dissolved in body fluids has a pronounced effect on pH.(a) Does pH go up or down when carbon dioxide dissolves in these fluids? Does this change indicate higher or lower acidity?(b) What does a blood gas analysis measure?
Chapter 27 Solutions
FUND.OF ANAT.+PHYSIO.-MOD.MASTER.(18W)
Ch. 27 - Identify the three interrelated processes...Ch. 27 - List the components of extracellular fluid (ECF)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 3CPCh. 27 - Prob. 4CPCh. 27 - Prob. 5CPCh. 27 - Prob. 6CPCh. 27 - Prob. 7CPCh. 27 - Prob. 8CPCh. 27 - Prob. 9CPCh. 27 - Why does prolonged sweating increase the plasma...
Ch. 27 - Prob. 11CPCh. 27 - Identify the bodys three major buffer systems.Ch. 27 - Prob. 13CPCh. 27 - Prob. 14CPCh. 27 - Prob. 15CPCh. 27 - Prob. 16CPCh. 27 - As a person ages, the glomerular filtration rate...Ch. 27 - Prob. 18CPCh. 27 - Prob. 1RQCh. 27 - The principal anions in the ICF are (a) phosphate...Ch. 27 - Prob. 3RQCh. 27 - Prob. 4RQCh. 27 - Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects (a) a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6RQCh. 27 - Prob. 7RQCh. 27 - Prob. 8RQCh. 27 - Prob. 9RQCh. 27 - Identify four hormones that mediate major...Ch. 27 - Prob. 11RQCh. 27 - Prob. 12RQCh. 27 - Prob. 13RQCh. 27 - Prob. 14RQCh. 27 - Differentiate among fluid balance, electrolyte...Ch. 27 - What are fluid shifts? What is their function, and...Ch. 27 - Prob. 17RQCh. 27 - Define and give an example of (a) a volatile acid,...Ch. 27 - What are the three major buffer systems in body...Ch. 27 - Prob. 20RQCh. 27 - Prob. 21RQCh. 27 - Prob. 22RQCh. 27 - Prob. 23RQCh. 27 - Prob. 24RQCh. 27 - Prob. 25RQCh. 27 - Prob. 26RQCh. 27 - Dan has been lost in the desert for 2 days with...Ch. 27 - Prob. 28RQCh. 27 - Prob. 29RQCh. 27 - Prob. 30RQCh. 27 - Prob. 31RQCh. 27 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27 - Prob. 2CC
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- Carbonic acid levels are controlled through the ________. a. respiratory system b. renal system c. digestive system d. metabolic rate of cellsarrow_forwardThe carbonic acid equilibria are shown below. Tissues that are aerobically active produce CO2. This causes this equilibrium to shift to the ______, which causes the pH of the blood to ______. H+ + HCO3- <--> H2CO3 <--> H2O + CO2 a) right; increase b) right; decrease c) left; increase d) left; decreasearrow_forwardWhat is the term for a fall in plasma pH that is predominantly caused by an inability to exhale sufficient carbon dioxide? A) Metabolic acidosis OB) Metabolic alkalosis 100 C) Respiratory acidosis D) Respiratory alkalosis W * 40°F 시 O Larrow_forward
- An individual's ratio of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions is 17/0.6 Which of the following is a true statement? For a total of 3 answers - choose one of each of the following pairs: i) respiratory or metabolic ii) acidosis or alkalosis iii) uncompensated or partial compensationarrow_forwardWhat effect would a decrease in the pH of body fluids have on the respiratory rate?arrow_forwardWhen travelling high altitude, one of the problem is alkalosis of the blood. Remember the equation for acid balance: CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3− + H+ If there is a low amount of CO2 outside, then greater CO2 than normal will diffuse out of the lungs. This will cause the blood to become more basic. To counteract the problem, a drug may be taken to both lower the blood pressure and help correct the pH. To do this, it blocks a symporter of HCO3- and Na+ in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Q: How would blocking transport of HCO3- help to lower the pH of the blood?arrow_forward
- Respiratory acidosis can occur when_____ a ) the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions b ) a runner has completed a very long marathon c ) a person's breathing is shallow due to obstructionarrow_forwardHypokalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. What is the underlying cause of hypokalemia in DKA and HHNKS? Question 9 options: a) Osmotic diuresis b) Prior deficit from poor nutrition c) Shift of potassium back into cell due to fluid rehydration d) Shift of potassium out of the cell due to correction of metabolic acidosisarrow_forward70. A 68-year-old man with chronic respiratory acidosis has an arterial pH of 7.34 and an arterial PCO₂ of 55 mm Hg. Which of the following best explains the compensatory response to the acidosis? A) Decreased HCI secretion by the stomach B) Decreased tubular secretion of HCO3 by the kidneys C) Increased CO₂ excretion by the lungs D) Increased HCO3 reabsorption by the kidneys E) Increased HCO3 transport by the choroid plexusarrow_forward
- 14) One of the feedback mechanisms for high H+ (low pH) levels in the blood is to increase respiratory rate. Explain why this helps to return blood pH to a neutral level (short answer please)arrow_forward70. A 68-year-oldman with chronic respiratoryacidosis has an arterial pHof 7.34 and an arterial PCO2 of 55 mm Hg. Which of the following best explains the compensatory response to the acidosis? A) Decreased HCI secretion by the stomach B) Decreased tubular secretion of HCO," by the kidneys C) Increased CO2 excretion by the lungs O D) Increased HCO3" reabsorption by the kidneys E) IncreasedHCO,"transport by the choroid plexusarrow_forwardRespiratory acidosis can occur when___ A) a person’s breathing is shallow due to obstruction B) a runner has complete completed a very long marathon C) kidneys secrete hydrogen ionsarrow_forward
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