BIOLOGY- CUSTOM W/ MASTERINGBIOLOGY
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781323572900
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 27.2, Problem 4CC
WHAT IF? Ø If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to acquire resistance to antibiotics, could this strain pose a health risk to people? In general, how does DNA transfer among bacteria affect the spread of resistance genes?
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In generalized transduction....
Choose from the answers below:
random fragments of degraded bacterial DNA are packaged in phage particles.
the maximum size of transduced DNA fragments is dependent on the size of the phage particles.
the transducing DNA fragments are generated by faulty excision of a prophage from the host genome.
a and b, but not c
b and c, but not a
Describe the 3 ways in which bacteria can transfer genetic material to each other via horizontal gene transfer. Be sure to explain the following: How is DNA transferred between bacteria, is there direct contact between bacteria and whether a plasmid is involved or not.
Chapter 27 Solutions
BIOLOGY- CUSTOM W/ MASTERINGBIOLOGY
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.1 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27.2 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 27.2 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...Ch. 27.2 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 27.2 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 27.3 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 27.3 - A bacterium requires only the amino acid...Ch. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Describe what you might eat for a...
Ch. 27.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 27.4 - WHAT IF What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 27.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figure 10.6. Then...Ch. 27.6 - Identify at least two ways that prokaryotes have...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Describe features of prokaryotes that enable them...Ch. 27 - Mutations are rare and prokaryotes reproduce...Ch. 27 - Describe the range of prokaryotic metabolic...Ch. 27 - How have molecular data informed prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - In what ways are prokaryotes key to the survivaI...Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.6CRCh. 27 - Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot...Ch. 27 - Photoautotrophs use (A) light as an energy source...Ch. 27 - Which of the following statements is not true? (A)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 27 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY In a short essay...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Explain how the small...
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- Identify the most mistaken (wrong) choice: a) Transcription machinery and an enhancer can bind to the chromosome at the same time. b) Organic matters may interfere with heat treatment of bacterial growth control. ( c) Nitrocellulose can be used to filter out microorganisms from a liquid solution. d) Time to kill a bacterial culture is not proportional to the number of microbes in the culturearrow_forwardIf graft qnd corruption are diseases, how do you propose to ameliorate their ravages? If they are only symptoms, what is the disease and how do you propose to treat it?arrow_forwardIf we were to examine a strain with the F plasmid inserted into the same site of the bacterial chromosome, but in the reverse orientation: a) What would the order of gene transfer be? Include all of the genetic markers including the amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism genes and streptomycin resistance. b) What cell types would be able to grow on the NA vs ECM media types? Be sure to include the genotypes of the cells that would grow. Remember that NA provides all nutrients the bacteria needs + no antibiotic and HCM = minimal medium + glucose + has streptomycin antibiotic c) Would we still be able to perform our mapping? Why or why not? (Hint: refer to part b above)arrow_forward
- One of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forwardWe have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media: A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment). B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells). The results: Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed. Tube C: HGT was NOT observed. Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring? Conjugation,…arrow_forwardResults from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?arrow_forward
- What is horizontal gene transfer? What are the three mechanisms for this to occur in bacteria? What are the components needed for the processes of transformation, conjugation, and transduction? How does each process occur? What genes are involved in each process? How do generalized and specialized transduction differ? What is the end result of each? What is recombination? What is the importance to bacteria & archaea? What are the two types of recombination? What are the details of each type? What components are needed for each type?arrow_forward1. In terms of Spo11, what does it mean if twice as many genetic sequence reads map to one location than another? Explain. 2. What does it mean if genetic reads map in different locations in difgerent strains? Explain in terms of recombination hotspots.arrow_forward. In two isolates (one is resistant to ampicillin and theother is sensitive to ampicillin) of a new bacterium,you found that genes encoding ampicillin resistanceare being transferred into the sensitive strain.a. How would you know that gene transfer is takingplace?arrow_forward
- Which of the following apply to the development of urogenital tract Candida albicans infections? Disruption of population dynamics allowing the RB form of Chlamydia to cause tissue damage Loss of Lactobacillus populations leading to an increase in the local pH Loss of Gardnerella vaginalis populations leading to a lose of Clue cells Loss of the anaerobic environment that promotes the outgrowth of Trichomonas vaginalis None of the answers applyarrow_forwardName 3 ways in which genetic information of bacteria can be changed?arrow_forwardAbout the technique of phage display: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY_advanced The Escherichia coli cell infected by the phage codifies for the optimized ligand when the phage DNA integrates in the DNA of the bacteria. Phages are selected if they express on their surface the optimized ligand. One selects Escherichia coli cells that are resistant to the phage infection. More than one optimized ligand can be selected during the panning procedure. The ligand to be selected on the surface of the phage is non-covalently linked to one of the surface proteins.arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license