Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 28, Problem 10TYPSS
PROCESS OF SCIENCE You have been hired as a field assistant for a researcher interested in the evolution of flower characteristics in orchids. Design an experiment to determine whether color, size, shape, scent, or amount of nectar is the most important factor in attracting pollinators to a particular species. Assume that you can change any flower's color with a dye and that you can remove petals or nectar stores, add particular scents, add nectar by injection, or switch parts among species by cutting and gluing.
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The drooping, bell-like flower Aquilegia canadensis is adapted for cross-pollination. However, if the plant has not been pollinated previously, self-pollination can occur. However, if cross pollination occurs after self-pollination takes place, the pollen from cross pollination reaches the style before the pollen from self-pollination. Using course concepts and vocabulary 1) Provide a reasoning for this phenomenon. 2) Would this adaptation for reproduction be beneficial for the plant?
Using scientific concepts and terms describe how the Bucket Orchid can temporarily “hold” onto the bee’s body while it glues the pollen sacs to the bees back. In other words, what type of plant “movement” (aka. response) would this most likely be described as? Please watch the YouTube link to answer the question.
An Orchid’s Trap
https://youtu.be/_uHJGdTgtXE
Many plants mimic other plants or other animals in order to attract pollinators.
a) Describe one example of plants mimicking either other plants or other animals in order to attract pollinators.
b) Why might these “cheating” strategies have evolved rather than developing “truthful” signals to attract a pollinator?
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 28 - What important role does lignin play in vascular...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28 - What is a pollen grain? a. male gametophyte b....Ch. 28 - 5. What does it mean to say that a life cycle is...Ch. 28 - 6. SOCIETY Soils, water, and the atmosphere are...Ch. 28 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 28 - Explain the difference between homosporous and...Ch. 28 - Angiosperms such as grasses, oaks, and maples are...Ch. 28 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE You have been hired as a field...Ch. 28 - Is long-distance sex possible in mosses?
Moss...
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- INTERPRET DATA Flower parts are arranged in four concentric circles: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpel. According to the ABC model of floral organ development in Arabidopsis, class A genes are needed to specify sepals, the A and B genes to specify petals, the B and C genes to specify stamens, and class C genes to specify the carpel. If a mutation occurs in one of the B genes, rendering it inactive, what will the resulting flowers consist of?arrow_forwardIn wild columbine, flower morphology encourages crosspollination. However, during the middle of the receptive period of the stigma, self-pollination can occur if the flower was not previously pollinated. If cross-pollination occurs after selfpollination, then that pollen reaches the base of the style before the self-pollen. Discuss the adaptive significance of this reproduction strategy.arrow_forwardThe independent variable in this experiment is A. the amount of light the plants receive. B. the amount of chlorophyll in the plant leaves.arrow_forward
- Design an experiment by following the five principles of an experiment. As a researcher, you want to test the effectiveness of a certain spray to lengthen the life of flowers.arrow_forwardA researcher was interested in finding out whether talking to plants was related to plant growth. To test this idea she used 20 plants where all 20 plants had the same amount of food, water and sunlight. She randomly assigned the 20 plants to 1 of 2 groups: she talked to 10 of the plants for 1 minute/day; she talked to the other 10 plants 10 minutes/day. Every day for one month the researcher measured the height of the plants. What is the Independent variable and the Dependent variable in the example above?arrow_forwardAs depicted in the diagram, honeybees communicate the location of flower patches to members of their hives with waggle dances that give information about the direction and distance to the flowers. Which of the following statements about how honeybees communicate the position of flower patches is most consistent with the model? a. The total area covered by any waggle dance leads bees to the target flowers. b. The farther the target flowers from the hive, the longer the waggle phase. c. The angle of the waggle phase relative to the vertical plane indicates the position of the target flowers relative to another beehive. d.The number of repetitions of the waggle dance indicates the quality of the pollen source.arrow_forward
- A) Using the information/image provided, why could the researchers rule out pollinator selection as a reason for flower color variation? B) What must be true about the flowers in Boechera stricta? A) Plants have both male and female flowers that are reproductively mature at the same time. B) Plants have both male and female flowers that are reproductively mature at different times. C) Plants produce either male or female flowers C) If the scientists' hypothesis is true, what type of herbivore defense is flower pigmentation in this mustard? either constitutive or induciblearrow_forwardAbout 100 years ago, C. E. Bessey developed the hypothesis of the “ranalean” flower. What are some of the characters of this type of flower? Is the ranalean flower wind pollinated or insect pollinated?arrow_forwardImagine a plant that has been well adapted to a particular habitat, and it has been reproducing only asexually; thus, all of its offspring are identical to it. If the climate or other conditions change such that the plant can no longer survive in the new conditions, what will happen to all of its offspring? Why?arrow_forward
- A plant biologist discovers a new species of plant in the ashes of a recent forest fire along the sides of a steep mountain range. It is fall, and temperatures are dropping below freezing. The biologist cannot stay in the field to observe the plant. What can he infer about the plants reproductive strategy based on his recent observations? A) the plant will produce flowers because at this altitude there is sufficient sunlight B) the plant will produce comes because cones will mature into adult plants more rapidly C) the plant will produce cones because cones allow for seed dispersal through all seasons D) the plant will produce flowers because flowers can protect the seed from extreme conditionsarrow_forwardWhat is the evolutionary advantage for a flowering plant to be pollinated with pollen from a different individual plant (of the same species)?arrow_forwardWhat is the eighth concept used for studying plants? It is difficult to avoid using the phrase “in order to” when referring to plants. Change the following sentences to be more accurate. The first one is done as an example:a. Plants have leaves in order to photosynthesize. “Plants have leaves that photosynthesize,” or “photosynthesis in plants occurs in leaves.”b. Plants have flowers in order to reproduce.c. Plant cells divide in order to make more cells.d. Wind-pollinated plants have their flowers located high above the ground in order to be exposed to stronger wind.e. Some plants have red flowers to attract hummingbirds.f. After I eat dinner, my stomach secretes acid in order to help digest the food.arrow_forward
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