(a)
Interpretation:
The order of the compounds from a normal-phase packed HPLC column is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The mobile phase is non-polar in nature and the stationary phase is polar in nature in the normal phase packing chromatography. The compound which has the most polar nature will put at the last. And the compound with the less polarity is placed at the first stage of the group.
(b)
Interpretation:
The order of the compounds from a normal-phase packed HPLC column is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The mobile phase is non-polar in nature and the stationary phase is polar in nature in the normal phase packing chromatography. The compound which has the most polar nature will put at the last. And the compound with the less polarity is placed at the first stage of the group.
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th Edition
- Predict the order of elution of the following compounds from a GC column packed with polyethylene glycol:hexane, heptane (b.p. 98oC), octane (b.p. 126oC), benzene (b.p. 80oC), butanol (b.p. 117oC), 2-pentanone (b.p.102oC)arrow_forward(a) Write TWO (2) functions of XRF in materials characterisation.(b) Appraise the sample preparation for X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Test.(c) Support the idea of solid material can be described as amorphous and crystalline especially in XRD characterization.(d) Compare between X-ray Powder Diffaction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) in terms of their similarities and differences.arrow_forward(a) In an investigation of the influence of experimental variables on detection limits in electrothermal AAS, Cabon and Bihan found several factors to be significant in the optimization of the method. List six of these factors, describe in detail the physical basis for each factor, and discuss why each is important. (b) These workers describe an a priori method for determining the limit of detection (LOD). Compare and contrast this method with the method described in Section 1E-2. How does this method improve on the method as defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in the ˝Orange Book˝? See http://www.iupac.org/publications/analytical_compendium/. Describe anydisadvantages of the method. (c) The investigations described by Cabon and Bihan treated the data using least-squares polynomial smoothing (see Section 5C-2) prior to determining the LOD. Describe precisely how the data weresmoothed. What experimental variable was optimized in the smoothing…arrow_forward
- Describe the origin of shot noise in a spectrophotometer. How does the relativeuncertainty vary with concentration if shot noise is the major noise source?arrow_forwardIf the concentration in a bulk solution adjacent to a fibrous medium is at a concentration cA = 1mM, and partition coefficient of K = 0.7, what is the concentration in the %3D leading edge of the fibrous medium? the answer has units of mM (canvas does not allow you to enter units or display the answer with units.) your answer mMarrow_forwardIndicate the order of elution of the following compounds from a normal-phase packed HPLC column a. ethyl acetate, acetic acid, dimethylamineb. propylene, hexane, benzene, dichlorobenzenearrow_forward
- Iron nanoparticles were produced by the evaporation method and their average sizes are estimated 25,50, 90 and 120 nm using the laser particle analyzer. Assuming that the resultant particles are strain freeand the peak broadening detected in the measurement with Cu-K radiation (λ=0.154 nm) arises onlyfrom variation of size of the crystallites, estimate the peak width (the value of FWHM) of the (110) plane.arrow_forwardWhat are the similarities between fluorescence detectors in HPLC and chemiluminescence detectors in HPLC?arrow_forwardIn an investigation of the influence of experimental variables on detection limits in electrothermal AAS, Cabon and Bihan found several factors to be significant in the optimization of the method. List six of these factors, describe in detail the physical basis for each factor, and discuss why each isimportant.arrow_forward
- An atomic beam is designed to function with (a) cadmium, (b) mercury. The source is an oven maintained at 380K with a small slit of dimensions 1.0cm x 1.0 x 10-3cm. The vapor pressure of cadmium is 0.13 Pa nd that of mercury is 12 Pa at this temperature. What is the atomic current (the number of atoms per second) in the beams?arrow_forwardA Raman spectrum of undoped GaAs at room temperature is performed with a 514.5 nm laser. The spectrum of scattered light exhibits peaks at wavelengths of 507.1 nm and 591.6 nm due to interaction of the incident light with LO phonons. Calculate the LO phonon frequency and the ratio of the intensity of scattered light at 507.1 nm to that at 591.6 nm.arrow_forwardwrite a summary of each of the techniques for measuring vacancyconcentrations, noted therein. (1) Measurements of the quenched-in residual electricalresistivity of aluminium rapidly cooled from temperatures be-low about 800 K with initial quenching rates of 2 × 106 K s−1give the enthalpy of formation of monovacancies H F1V =(0.65 ± 0.01) eV.(2) Comparison of the quenching data with high-temperature differential-dilatometry data gives the monova-cancy formation entropy SF1V = (0.76 ± 0.4)kB (kB =Boltzmann’s constant) and the low-temperature resistivity perunit concentration of vacancies ρ1V = (1.9 ± 0.1) μm.(3) The binding enthalpy of divacancies in Al is H B2V =(0.17 5 ± 0.02 5) eV. This is in agreement with earlier ex-perimental determinations by Doyama and Koehler 48) and byLevy et al. 49, 50) but in marked contrast to the claim of Carlinget al., 23) based on computations with the generalized gradi-ent approximation, that in Al H B2V is zero or even negativeand therefore the…arrow_forward
- Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
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