Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Campbell Essential Biology (with Physiology chapters) (7th Edition)
Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Campbell Essential Biology (with Physiology chapters) (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134819426
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 28, Problem 4SQ

Many plant species can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Which mode of reproduction would generally be more advantageous in a location where the composition of the soil is changing rapidly? Why?

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Which of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have so few rhizobial nodules on their roots? When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having rhizobial nodules. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia to keep the nitrogen for itself. When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.
In a practice known as crop rotation, farmers alternate a crop of legumes (plants like  beans, whose roots bear nodules containing Rhizobium) with a crop of non- legumes.  What is the benefit of this practice?
The Irish potato famine was an important historical event that occurred in the 1840’s. The Irish were generally low income, and relied entirely on a particular variety of potato, known as "lumpers”. This strain of potato was susceptible to a rot caused by Phytophthora infestans. This led to wide-spread potato spoilage, which devastated the food supply, and ultimately caused many deaths. What would have been an effective strategy to avoid the Irish potato famine? Plant a more diverse mix of potatoes. Use antibiotics on the potatoes to protect from the rot. Expand cropland to increase the total number of potatoes grown. Use fertilizers, crop rotation, and irrigation to improve potatoes crop yields.
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