Concept explainers
Introduction:
Reproductive innovation is a phenomenon that involves the introduction of new devices or methods in the process of reproduction during the process of evolution. These innovations are also called as the adaptations, which were acquired by the organisms according to the changes in the surrounding environment.
Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
The ovary.
Explanation of Solution
Justification/ Explanation for the correct answer:
Option (d) is, ‘the ovary’. The ovary only gives protection to the seed. It does not take part in the formation of a seed, so, it was not a part of the reproductive innovation related to seed evolution. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) is, ‘reduced female gametophyte’. The special characteristic of the non-vascular plants was the large and dominant gametophytes. These gametophytes became smaller and the sporophytes became larger and dominant as the plants evolved according to the variations present in the environment. They play a very important role in reproductive innovation and result in seed evolution. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (b) is, ‘heterospory’. It involves the production of two different-sized spores, and from different sexes by the sporophytes of land plants. It is thought that the early plants (all
Option (c) is “the ovule.” The ovule is an important structure of the plant, which is converted into the seed after fertilization. The gymnosperms had uncovered ovules on the scales of the cone. The gymnosperms had the ‘naked seeds’, that is, their seeds were not covered by the ovary. Then, as time passed, the seeds adapted to the surrounding environment and became covered with the help of ovary. The seeds of
Option (e) is “the integument.” It is a protective layer which surrounds the ovule. The gymnosperms have only one integument present around the ovule but, in the angiosperms, there are two integumentary coatings present as an adaptation toward the changing environment. The integument later converts into the seed coat which provides protection to the seed to survive in unfavorable conditions. So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options (a), (b), (c) and (e) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the female gametophytes, heterospory, the ovule, and the integument participated in the reproductive innovation related to seed evolution. The ovary does not have any role in reproductive innovation.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 29 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science
- The sporophyte of nonvascular plants A. possesses anthers and archegonia O B. produces spores C. is the dominant stage of their alternation of generations D. produces non-motile sperm cells E. is dependent on wind pollinationarrow_forwardWhat is the ploidy of the following structures: gametophyte, seed, spore, sporophyte? a. 1n, 1n, 2n, 2n b. 1n, 2n, 1n, 2n c. 2n, 1n, 2n, 1n d. 2n, 2n, 1n, 1narrow_forwardWhich of these pairs is mismatched? a. anther—produces microspores b. carpel—produces pollen c. ovule—becomes seed d. ovary—becomes fruit e. flower—is a reproductive structurearrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of plants? (a) cuticle (b) unicellular gametangia (c) stomata (d) multicellular embryo (e) alternation of generationsarrow_forwardWhich group of plants bears stomata only in the sporophyte generation? a. Chrysophyta b. Anthocerophyta c. Bryophyta d. Marchantiophyta Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants? a. Pollen b. Dependent gametophytes c. Ovules d. Alternation of generations Which of these statements is an incorrect comparison of a pine cone and a flower in terms of structure and function? a. Pine cones and flowers both have gametophytes and modified leaves that produce spores. b. All of the statements are correct. c. Unlike pine cones, many flowers produce both pollen and ovules. d. Pine trees have separate pollen cons and ovulate cones while in flowers, pollen grains are produced by the anthers of stamens, and ovules are within the ovaries of carpels.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the haplodiplontic life cycle of land plants is/are TRUE? A During the sporophyte stage, sporangia house diploid mother cells that will eventually undergo meiosis. B Sperm develop from mitosis in the archegonium. C Spores grow by mitosis into mature haploid gametophytes. D The gametophytic stage begins with a diploid spore. EA and C are both true.arrow_forward
- Which of the following pairs of plant structure has the haploid number ofchromosomes? A. Megaspore mother cell and antipodal cells B. Egg cell and antipodal cells C. Egg cell and endosperms D. Microspore mother cell and antipodal cellsarrow_forwardWhile surveying plants in the jungles of Borneo, you come across a flowering plant that you have never seen before. You examine a flower closely and you see that it is radially symmetric, has organs arranged in a spiral phyllotaxy and it has many stamens. Based on your knowledge of flowering plant lineages you conclude that a. the plant must be a basal angiosperm b. the plant must be a Magnoliid c. the plant could be a monocot or a eudicot d. the plant could be a basal angiosperm or a Magnoliid e. the plant must be a monocot part ii Which one of the following is NOT supported by our current view of animal taxonomy and evolution based on molecular phylogenetics a. That earthworms and more closely related to squid than to nematode worms. b. That some organisms with a true coelom are more closely related to animals with a pseudocoelom, than to other animals with a true coelom. c. That some bilaterally symmetrical animals are more closely related to radially…arrow_forwardThe following traits are shared by some members of the ANA Grade and Magnoliids, EXCEPT: a. monosulcate pollen b. one seed cotyledon c. spiral arrangement of perianth d. absence of vessel in wood e. numerous, free carpels (apocarpous)arrow_forward
- Primary meristems produce tissues that A) increase the length of a plant B) produce the cork cambium C) increase the width of a plant D) lead to the production of bark E) increase the mass of a plantarrow_forward1.Embryogenesis follows while the ovary matures into fruit.B. The ovule becomes the seed. A.If both statements are correct. B.If statement A is wrong and B is correct. C.If statement A is correct and B is wrong. D.If both statements are wrong. 2. A. An embryo sac (ovule) contains eight haploid nuclei.B. Three nuclei become three synergids, 2 polar nuclei, 3 antipodal nuclei. A.If statement A is wrong and B is correct. B.If both statements are wrong. C.If both statements are correct. D.If statement A is correct and B is wrong. 3. A. Inside a pollen grain there is a tube cell and generative cell. B. Generative cell divides to produce two sperm cells while the tube cell becomes pollen tube elongates along the style. A.If both statements are correct. B.If statement A is wrong and B is correct. C.If statement A is correct and B is wrong. D.If both statements are wrong.arrow_forwardWhich of the following incorrectly pairs a sporophyte embryo with its food source? * A. Moss embryo-archegonium and gametophyte plant B. Fern embryo-female sporophyte surrounding archegonium C. Pine embryo-female gametophyte tissue in nucellus D. Corn embryo-3N endosperm tissue in seedarrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning