Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The composition of the liquid has to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Balancing reaction:
Balanced reaction is a
Steps in balancing the information
- Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation
- Step 2: Find the coefficient to balance the equation.
- The coefficient should be reduced to the smallest whole number.
Combustion reaction:
Combustion is an exothermic reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant. Oxidant is usually atmospheric oxygen.
Generally organic molecule undergoes combustion reaction which produces carbon dioxide and water molecule.
Number of moles can be calculated by using following formula,
Explanation of Solution
Generally organic molecule undergoes combustion reaction which produces carbon dioxide and water molecule. Therefore,
- (a) if the ethyl alcohol burns the balancing equation is given below,
When balancing the equation, altering the subscripts is restricted and changing the coefficients can be done. There are two carbon atoms in the left side of the reaction and one carbon in the right side of the reaction, therefore two molecule of carbon dioxide is added to the right side of the reaction Now, the balanced equation is given below.
There are six hydrogen atoms in the left side of the reaction and two hydrogen atoms in the right side of the reaction, therefore three molecule of water is added to the right side of the reaction. Now, the balanced equation is given below.
There are three oxygen atoms in the left side of the reaction and seven oxygen atoms in the right side of the reaction, therefore three molecule of oxygen is added to the left side of the reaction. Now, the balanced equation is given below.
- (b) if the ethyl alcohol burns the balancing equation is given below,
When balancing the equation, altering the subscripts is restricted and changing the coefficients can be done. There are four hydrogen atoms in the left side of the reaction and two hydrogen atoms in the right side of the reaction. Therefore, two molecule of water is added to the right side of the reaction. Now, the balanced equation is given below.
There are three oxygen atoms in the left side of the reaction and four oxygen atoms in the right side of the reaction. Therefore,
Multiply the reaction by 2 to get the whole numbers, now, the balanced equation is given below.
The statement is shown below,
The weight of ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol is
Let consider,
X is the mass of the ethyl alcohol.
Y is the mass of methyl alcohol.
Total mass of sample =
Molar mass of carbon dioxide =
Moles of carbon dioxide is calculated as follows,
Molar mass of ethanol =
According to the balance equation, one mole of ethanol reacts with three moles of oxygen gives two moles of two moles of carbon dioxide and three moles of water.
Similarly, two moles of methanol reacts with three moles of oxygen gives two moles of two moles of carbon dioxide and four moles of water.
Moles of carbon is calculated as follows,
Substitute the Y value in the equation,
Total mass of sample =
Percentage of methanol is calculated as follows,
Percentage of ethanol is calculated as follows,
The composition of the methanol is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR SCIENCE
- You take 1.00 g of an aspirin tablet (a compound consisting solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), burn it in air, and collect 2.20 g CO2 and 0.400 g H2O. You know that the molar mass of aspirin is between 170 and 190 g/mol. Reacting 1 mole of salicylic acid with I mole of acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) gives you 1 mole of aspirin and 1 mole of acetic acid (C2H4O2). Use this information to determine the molecular formula of salicylic acid.arrow_forward(a) Butane gas, C4H10, can burn completely in air [use O2(g) as the other reactant] to give carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. Write a balanced equation for this combustion reaction. (b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of C3H7BO3, a gasoline additive. The products of combustion are CO2(g), H2O(g), and B2O3(s).arrow_forwardDisulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, is used to vulcanize rubber. It can be made by treating molten sulfur with gaseous chlorine. S8() + 4 Cl2(g) 4 S2Cl2(g) Complete this table of reaction quantities for the production of 103.5 g S2Cl2.arrow_forward
- 3.14 A number of compounds are used in cement, and reactions among them occur when water is added. In one, CaO reacts with Al2O3 and water to form Ca3Al2(OH)12. Write a bal- anced chemical equation for this process.arrow_forwardOne of the ways to remove nitrogen monoxide gas, a serious source of air pollution, from smokestack emissions is by reaction with ammonia gas, NH3. The products of the reaction, N2 and H2O, are not toxic. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. Assign an oxidation number to each element in the reactants and products, and indicate which element is oxidized and which is reduced.arrow_forwardNitric acid is produced commercially by the Ostwald process, represented by the following equations: 4NH3(g)+5O24NO(g)+6H2O(g)2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g)3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(aq)+NO(g) What mass of NH3 must be used to produce 1.0 106 kg HNO3 by the Ostwald process? Assume 100% yield in each reaction, and assume that the NO produced in the third step is not recycled.arrow_forward
- Write a balanced equation for the reaction of hydroiodic acid, HI, with calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. Then, write the balanced complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation for this neutralization reaction.arrow_forward3.92 Many chemical reactions take place in the catalytic con- verter of a car. In one of these reactions, nitric oxide (NO) reacts with ammonia (NH3) to give nitrogen (N2) and water. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.arrow_forwardWrite a balanced equation for (a) the combustion (reaction with oxygen gas) of glucose, C6H12O6, to give carbon dioxide and water. (b) the reaction between xenon tetrafluoride gas and water to give xenon, oxygen, and hydrogen fluoride gases. (c) the reaction between aluminum and iron(III) oxide to give aluminum oxide and iron. (d) the formation of ammonia gas from its elements. (e) the reaction between sodium chloride, sulfur dioxide gas, steam, and oxygen to give sodium sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas.arrow_forward
- Balance the following equations representing combustion reactions: a. b. c. C12H22O11 (s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) + H2O (g) d. Fe(s) + O2(g) Fe2O3(s) e. FeO(s) + O2(g) Fe2O3(s)arrow_forwardThioridazine, C21H26N2S2, is a pharmaceutical agent used to regulate dopamine (Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, affects brain processes that control movement emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain.) A chemist can analyze a sample of the pharmaceutical for the thioridazine content by decomposing it to convert the sulfur in the compound to sulfate ion. This is then trapped as water-insoluble barium sulfate (see Figure 4.4). SO42(aq, from thioridazine) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2 Cl(aq) Suppose a 12-tablet sample of the drug yielded 0.301 g of BaSO4. What is the thioridazine content, in milligrams, of each tablet?arrow_forwardSilicon is produced for the chemical and electronics industries by the following reactions. Give the balanced equation for each reaction. a. SiO2(s)+C(s)arefurnaceElectricSi(s)+CO(g) b. Liquid silicon tetrachloride is reacted with very pure solid magnesium, producing solid silicon and solid magnesium chloride. c. Na2SiF6(s) + Na(s) Si(s) + NaF(s)arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning