To Explain: The differences and similarities between experiments and surveys.
Answer to Problem 118E
Solution: The main difference between experiment and survey lies in the method of collection of information related to the variable under study. An experiment is a scientific procedure where the experimental units undergo treatment. The similarity is that both surveys and experiments are the ways to find out information about a group of individuals, which is then used to draw inference about the population.
Explanation of Solution
Survey is defined as the method of collecting information about the variable under study. On the other hand, a scientific procedure, where the experimental units or subjects undergo some treatment, is known as an experiment.
The idea of conducting a survey is to study a part of a population in order to increase information about the whole population. For example, opinion polls may report the views of the entire country based on the interviews conducted of a sample of about 1000 people. In experiment, researchers purposely impose some treatment on individuals and detect the responses. For example, from a large group of subjects, researchers allow some subject to play baseball and forbid the rest from playing.
In surveys, methods of data collection could be observation, conference, questionnaire, or case study. On the other hand, in an experiment, data is collected from the different results obtained after conducting the experiment.
The main advantage of a survey is that it provides data based on the research objective. On the other hand, the main advantage of an experiment is that it provides more accurate data as compared to a survey.
The main disadvantage of a survey is that the data obtained it suffers from sampling error, response error, and error due to under coverage. The main disadvantage of an experiment is that the subjects are not always treated equally.
The data obtained through surveys and experiments is used to draw inference about the population. Moreover, both of these produce reliable data.
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