Chapter 3, Problem 13E

Recording and Posting Accrual Basis Journal Entries, and Preparing an Unadjusted Trial Balance and Preliminary Financial Statements

Ricky’s Piano Rebuilding Company has been operating for one year. On January 1, at the start of its second year, its income statement accounts had zero balances and its balance sheet account balances were as follows:

Required:

1. 1. Create T-accounts for the balance sheet accounts and for these additional accounts: Service Revenue, Rent Revenue, Salaries and Wages Expense, and Utilities Expense. Enter the beginning balances. (If you are using the general ledger tool in Connect, this requirement will be completed for you.)
2. 2. Prepare journal entries for the following January transactions, using the letter of each transaction as a reference:
   1. a. Received a $500 deposit from a customer who wanted her piano rebuilt in February.
   2. b. Rented a part of the building to a bicycle repair shop; $300 rent received for January.
   3. c. Delivered five rebuilt pianos to customers who paid $14,500 in cash.
   4. d. Delivered two rebuilt pianos to customers for $7,000 charged on account.
   5. e. Received $6,000 from customers as payment on their accounts.
   6. f. Received an electric and gas utility bill for $350 for January services to be paid in February.
   7. g. Ordered $800 in supplies.
   8. h. Paid $1,700 on account in January.
   9. i. Paid $10,000 in wages to employees in January for work done this month.
   10. j. Received and paid cash for the supplies in (g).
3. 3. Post the journal entries to the T-accounts. Show the unadjusted ending balances in the T-accounts. (If you are using the general ledger tool, this requirement will be completed for you.)
4. 4. Use the balances in the completed T-accounts to prepare an unadjusted trial balance at January 31. (If you are using the general ledger tool, this requirement will be completed for you.)
5. 5. Using the unadjusted balances, prepare a preliminary income statement and classified balance sheet for the month ended and at January 31

To determine

Prepare journal entries for the given transaction.

Explanation of Solution

Journal entry: Journal entry is a set of economic events which can be measured in monetary terms. These are recorded chronologically and systematically.

Accrual basis of accounting:

In accrual Basis of accounting, the company records all the transaction that brings changes in the financial statement of the company. In accrual basis of accounting, the revenue is recognized for the accounting period, in which the goods are sold, or the service performed even if cash is not exchanged. Similarly the expenses are recognized for the accounting period, in which the business incurred expenses even if cash is not exchanged.

Prepare journal entries for the given transaction as follows:

Date		Account Title and Explanation	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
	a.	Cash  (A+)	500
		Deferred Revenue (L+)		500
		(To record the cash receipt for the service yet to provide)
	b.	Cash  (A+)	300
		Rent Revenue  (R+, SE+)		300
		(To record the cash receipt  from  rental area)
	c.	Cash  (A+)	14,500
		Service Revenue  (R+, SE+)		14,500
		(To record the cash received for the service rendered)
	d.	Accounts Receivable (A+)	7,000
		Service Revenue  (R+, SE+)		7,000
		(To record the service provided to customers on account)
	e.	Cash  (A+)	6,000
		Accounts Receivable (A–)		6,000
		(To record the cash receipt from customer )
	f.	Utilities expense (E+, SE–)	350
		Accounts Payable (L+)		350
		(To record the payment incurred for utilities expense which are to be paid later)
	g.	No transaction required	-
	h.	Accounts Payable  (L–)	1,700
		Cash (A–)		1,700
		(To record the payment of cash for the purchases made already)
	i.	Salaries and Wages Expense (E+, SE–)	10,000
		Cash  (A–)		10,000
		(To record the payment of wages expenses to employees)
	j.	Supplies  (A+)	800
		Cash  (A–)		800
		(To record the purchase of supplies)

Table (1)

Note:

Item g is not a transaction because there is no cash exchange. Hence it is not recorded in the books of journal.

To determine

Prepare the T accounts for the balance sheet accounts and post the journal entries to the T-account, also show the unadjusted ending balance in the T- accounts.

Explanation of Solution

T-account:

An account is referred to as a T-account, because the alignment of the components of the account resembles the capital letter ‘T’. An account consists of the three main components which are as follows:

• The title of the account.
• The left or debit side.
• The right or credit side.

The posting of the journal entries to the T accounts are as follows:

To determine

Prepare an unadjusted trial balance at January 31 using the balances in the completed T-accounts.

Explanation of Solution

Unadjusted trial balance:

Unadjusted trial balance is that statement which contains complete list of accounts with their unadjusted balances. This statement is prepared at the end of every financial period.

Prepare an unadjusted trial balance at January 31 as follows:

Company R
Unadjusted Trial Balance
At January 31
Particulars	Debit	Credit
Cash	$14,800
Accounts Receivable	26,000
Supplies	2,000
Equipment	8,000
Land	6,000
Building	22,000
Accounts Payable		$6,650
Deferred Revenue		3,700
Notes Payable		40,000
Common Stock		8,000
Retained Earnings		9,000
Service Revenue		21,500
Rent Revenue		300
Salaries and Wages Expense	10,000
Utilities Expense	350
Total	$89,150	$89,150

Table (2)

To determine

Prepare a preliminary income statement and classified balance sheet for the month ended January 31.

Explanation of Solution

Income statement: The financial statement which reports revenues and expenses from business operations and the result of those operations as net income or net loss for a particular time period is referred to as income statement.

Classified balance sheet: The main elements of balance sheet assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity are categorized or classified further into sections, and sub-sections in a classified balance sheet. Assets are further classified as current assets, long-term investments, property, plant, and equipment (PPE), and intangible assets. Liabilities are classified into two sections current and long-term. Stockholders’ equity comprises of common stock and retained earnings. Thus, the classified balance sheet includes all the elements under different sections.

• Prepare a preliminary income statement for the month ended January 31 as follows:

Company R
Income Statement
For the Month Ended January 31
Particulars	$
Revenues:
Service Revenue	$21,500
Rent Revenue	300
Total Revenues (a)	21,800
Less: Expenses
Salaries and Wages Expense	10,000
Utilities Expense	350
Total Expenses (b)	10,350
Net Income $\left(\text{a}-\text{b}\right)$	$11,450

Table (3)

• Prepare the Statement of retained earnings for the month ended January 31 as follows:

Company R
Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Month Ended January 31
Particulars	$
Retained Earnings, January 1	$9,000
Add: Net Income	11,450
Less: Dividends	0
Retained Earnings, January 31	$20,450

Table (4)

• Prepare the classified balance at January 31 as follows:

Company R
Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Month Ended January 31
Particulars	$
Assets:
Current Assets:
Cash	$14,800
Accounts Receivable	26,000
Supplies	2,000
Total Current Assets	42,800
Equipment	8,000
Land	6,000
Building	22,000
Total Assets	$78,800
Liabilities:
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable	$6,650
Deferred Revenue	3,700
Total Current Liabilities	10,350
Notes Payable (long-term)	40,000
Total Liabilities (a)	50,350
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common Stock	8,000
Retained Earnings	20,450
Total Stockholders’ Equity (b)	28,450
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $\left(\text{a}+\text{b}\right)$	$78,800

Table (5)