Concept explainers
A.
To calculate: The number of ATP molecules generated from one glucose molecule.
Introduction: During
A.
Explanation of Solution
Given,
Free energy (ΔG) for 1 mole of glucose = 2867 kJ
Chemical energy for phosphate bond of 1 mole ATP = 50 kJ
A maximum of 57 molecules are generated from one molecule of glucose.
B.
To calculate: The overall efficiency of ATP production from glucose as compared to the answer in part (A).
Introduction: Energy is required by cells to carry out metabolic activities. Cells can do so by yielding the energy stored in glucose molecules. This process is called glucose
B.
Explanation of Solution
Refer to the Table 14-1, “products yields from glucose oxidation”, in the text book.
Given,
Respiration produces 30 moles of ATP from 1 mole of glucose.
An overall efficiency of ATP production would be about 53%.
C.
To calculate: The increase amount of energy that heats the body.
Introduction: During cellular respiration, nutrients converted into ATP. This process releases energy and leads to the formation of stronger bonds in the products. Glucose breaks down into simpler molecules and produces energy in the form of ATP.
C.
Explanation of Solution
Given,
Body weight = 75kg
The temperature of the body increases by 4.3°C, if the heat is not dissipated into the environment.
D.
To explain: The effect on the body when body converts the energy in food substances with 20% efficiency.
Introduction: In cellular respiration, oxygen reacts intracellularly with organic compounds to form water, carbon dioxide, and ATP as a source of energy.
D.
Explanation of Solution
If body converts the energy in food substances with 20% efficiency, then 80% of available energy would be released as heat. The heat production would be higher than the normal. Hence the body would certainly overheat.
E.
To calculate: The amount of glucose from oxidation to produce energy.
Introduction: Cells can do so by yielding the energy stored in glucose molecules. This process is called glucose metabolism as glucose is converted to forms which can be easily used by the cell such as ATP.
E.
Explanation of Solution
Given,
A resting body hydrolyzes about 40 kg of ATP in every 24 hours.
Refer to the Fig. 2-24, “Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a crucially important energy carrier in cells”, in the text book. The molecular formula of ATP is C10H12O13N5P3.
1000 kcal chemical energy could be produced by the oxidation of 480 g glucose.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
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