Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134832302
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base that under acidic conditions becomes protonated to the ammonium ion in the following reaction:
NH3 + H+ → NH+4
NH3 freely permeates biological membranes, including those of lysosomes. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle with a pH of about 4.5–5.0; the pH of cytoplasm is about 7.0. What is the effect on the pH of the fluid content of lyso- somes when cells are exposed to ammonia? Note: Ammo- nium (NH4+) does not diffuse freely across membranes.
Which of the following lipid components of the eukaryotic plasma membrane would be associated with the highest membrane fluidity?
a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids
a monoglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids
a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acids
a monoglyceride with branched, unsaturated, short-chain fatty acids
a diglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acids
Cholesterol has which of the following effects on the plasma membrane of an animal cell?
it makes the membrane more rigid at low temperatures, and more fluid at high temperatures
it makes the membrane more rigid at both low temperatures and high temperatures
it makes the membrane more fluid at high temperatures, and more rigid at low temperatures
it makes the membrane more fluid at both high temperatures and low temperatures
it makes the membrane more fluid at low temperatures, and more rigid at high temperatures
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Eukaryotic membrane fluidity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms? increasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids increasing the number of straight-chain fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the degree of unsaturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cellarrow_forwardThe plasma membrane is composed of a variety of lipid molecules. 1. Phosphatidylethanolamine 2. Phosphatidylcholine 3. Phosphatidylinositol 4. Phosphatidylserine 5. Sphingomyelin 6. Glycolipids 7. Cholesterol. Which lipids contain sugar molecules?arrow_forwardName: b) Cellular membranes are generally found in environments that contain lots of water. Draw a diagram of what the phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane would look like if it were placed in a hydrophobic environment. (**Note that you only have to draw the phospholipid bilayer, you don't have to draw the other major components again as you did in part a) c) What part or parts of a cellular membrane play(s) a role in determining the fluidity of the membrane? 8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recogniti receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below: a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically remov from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells. Type of…arrow_forward
- Drawn below is a schematic of a transmembrane protein. Extracellular Cell membrane Cytosolic side (a) From the list below, select the amino acid(s) that might by more common in the extracellular domain of this membrane protein and whose side- chain can form hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water molecules. Explain why you selected this option(s). Lysine Serine Phenylalanine Methionine (b) From the list below, select the amino acid(s) that would likely be found in the transmembrane/ membrane spanning domain of this protein and whose side- chain interacts with the lipid bilayer. Lysine Serine Phenylalanine Methioninearrow_forwardEukaryotic membrane fluidity can be decreased by which of the following mechanisms? increasing the degree of saturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids decreasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of branched chain fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cellarrow_forwardEukaryotic membrane fluidity can be decreased by which of the following mechanisms? decreasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids increasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the degree of unsaturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cell increasing the number of branched-chain fatty acids of membrane lipidsarrow_forward
- Eukaryotic membrane fluidity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms? increasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids decreasing the number of branched chain fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids decreasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cell increasing the degree of saturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipidsarrow_forwardIn the figure below, an integral membrane protein is shown. These proteins sit inside of cell membranes. Some integral proteins are membrane channels or transporters, while others serve as enzymes, receptors, or anchors. Describe the differences you would expect to see in the amino acid side chains on the outer surface of an integral cell membrane protein, as compared to a water-soluble globular protein. Be sure to discuss the chemical nature of the cell membrane in your answer.arrow_forwardProteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lipids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma-membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell-surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes the function of cholesterols in plasma membranes to help regulate cell transport? Cholesterols are mainly responsible for cell signaling and cell recognition. Cholesterols act as fluidity buffer that make the membranes more fluid at higher B) temperatures and less fluid at lower temperatures. Cholesterols act as fluidity buffer that make the membranes less fluid at higher temperatures and more fluid at lower temperatures. Cholesterols in the phospholipid bilayer increase the membrane's permeability to ions and small molecules.arrow_forwardA certain eukaryotic cell type specializes in synthesizing lipids. Which organelle would be found in greater abundance in this cell type than in other cell types that don't synthesize lipids? Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomesarrow_forwardIntegral membrane proteins are anchored in lipid bilayers. Which of the following groups of amino acid residues would likely be found in the portion that crosses the lipid bilayer? Nonpolar Polar Acidic Chargedarrow_forward
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