(a)
To write:
The effect on the amount of substrate B formed in the case of impaired synthesis of the enzyme 3 in a metabolic pathway due to genetic disorder.
Introduction:
(b)
To write:
The effect on the amount of substrate C formed in the case of impaired synthesis of the enzyme 3 in a metabolic pathway due to genetic disorder.
Introduction:
Metabolism involves the cellular utilization of the nutrients that are absorbed into the bloodstream. The metabolic processes are related to the synthesis or storage of energy (ATP). These processes involve the breakdown (catabolism) or synthesis (anabolism) and storage of energy.
(c)
To write:
The effect on the amount of the end product formed in the case of impaired synthesis of the enzyme 3 in a metabolic pathway due to genetic disorder.
Introduction:
Metabolism involves the cellular utilization of the nutrients that are absorbed into the bloodstream. The metabolic processes are related to the synthesis or storage of energy (ATP). These processes involve the breakdown (catabolism) or synthesis (anabolism) and storage of energy.
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- A hypothetical three-step metabolic pathway consists of intermediates W, X, Y, and Z and enzymes A, B, and C. Deduce the order of the enzymatic steps in the pathway from the following information: 1. Compound Q, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme B, causes Z to build up. 2. A mutant in enzyme C requires Y for growth. 3. An inhibitor of enzyme A causes W, Y, and Z to accumulate. 4. Compound P, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme C, causes W and Z to build up.arrow_forwardWhen studying the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction, functional groups were found that ensure the connection of the enzyme molecule with the substrate and take a direct part in the act of catalysis. What are these areas of the enzyme formed by these groups called? What functional structures form them and why?arrow_forwardStreptokinase is an enzyme produced by Streptococci bacteria and is used to digest fibrin clots. It is therefore very effective at eliminating blood clots that cause heart attacks and strokes. Why does a physician not worry that injecting streptokinase will also destroy healthy tissue in their patients? – this answer should discuss the specificity of enzymes for their substrates, defined by the shape of the active site.arrow_forward
- For a lot of enzymes that work on fatty acids, the rate determining step is the release of the product from the active site. This means that the activation energy for product release is much higher than the free energy of catalysis. What enthalpic or entropic contributions would make the activation energy for product release so high and explain?arrow_forwardExamine the metabolic pathway shown in Figure 8.18. Draw a table indicating the relative concentrations of molecules A, B, C, and D if you were to remove Enzyme 1, 2, or 3 from the system.arrow_forwardEnzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the energy activation required to facilitate the process. Explain the generalized and sequential enzyme mechanism of action (hint: from substrates to products).arrow_forward
- One way of expressing the rate at which an enzyme can catalyze a reaction is to state its turnover number. The turnover number is the maximum number of substrate molecules that can be acted on by one molecule of enzyme per unit of time. The table gives the turnover number of four representative enzymes. Enzyme Substrate Turnover number (per second) Ribonuclease RNA 100 Fumarase fumarate 800 Lactate dehydrogenase lactate 1000 Urease urea 10,000 How many molecules of urea can one molecule of urease act on in 12.0 min ?arrow_forwardName three weak forces by which the substrates bind in the active site of an enzyme.arrow_forwardIn the metabolic pathway, A->B->C->D->E what effect would molecule E likely have on the enzyme that catalyzes A->B? (The answer is A. Could you justify the reason why the answer is A?) a) Allosteric inhibitor b)Allosteric activator c) Competitive inhibitor d) feedback activator e) coenzymearrow_forward
- Choose the best answer The active site of an enzyme is the place where the following happens: a)The enzyme-substrate complex forms and the reaction occurs at the active site. b)The enzyme substrate complex forms here. c)The catalytic reaction happens here. d)Allosteric regulation of enzyme rate occurs here. e)All of these are correct.arrow_forwardAs biological catalysts, enzymes play a fundamental role in many cellular processes. Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct? 1. Enzymes are essential for anabolic pathways; they are not required for catabolic pathways. 2. While an increase in temperature can increase the rate of an uncatalyzed reaction, it can’t increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 3. Enzymes force substrates into unique conformations that do not occur in the absence of an enzyme. 4. Enzymes decrease the free energy of a reaction’s transition state. A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardDiscuss the role of enzymes in metabolic regulation by describing the following mechanisms.11.1Cellular compartmentalization 11.2 Covalent modification11.3 Zymogensarrow_forward
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