Chapter 3, Problem 3.32UKC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given pictures to be predicted as $\text{Na}$ and ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic radii: The distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron of the atom.

Ionic radii: The distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron of the ion.

Formation of ions: 

Atom possesses equal number of protons and electrons and remains electrically neutral. By gaining (accepting electrons) or losing (donating electrons) one or more electrons, converts the neutral atom into a charged particle called IONS.

Cation: The loss of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the atom positively charged called cation.

Anion: The gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the neutral atom negatively charged called anion.

The symbolic representation of ions:

The electrons are reside in the principal quantum number ‘n’; by losing and gaining electron, reduces and increases in the electron count in the electronic configuration of the atom; for a cation adding positive charge in superscript to the symbol of the element and for the anion adding negative charge in superscript to the symbol of the element.