Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course List)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337395083
Author: Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. Daves
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 3MC
You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions:
Suppose a risk-free asset has an expected return of 5%. By definition, its standard deviation is zero, and its correlation with any other asset is also zero. Using only Asset A and the risk-free asset, plot the attainable portfolios.
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An analyst who believes in the Treynor Black Model has identified one active stock, stock A, which he/she wants to combine with the passive Market Index M to form their firm's optimal risky portfolio. A regression of the excess returns of stock A on the excess returns of the market index M, have discovered that stock A's alpha is 4%, its beta is 2.0, and the residual standard deviation of the error term for stock A is 18%. The standard deviation for the market index M is 14%, the expected return on M is 11%, the risk-free rate of return is 3%, and the expected return on stock A is 22%. What is the Sharpe Ratio for the optimal risky portfolio formed by the optimal combination of the active stock A with the passive market index M? Note that the Sharpe Ratio is usually expressed as a decimal.
The standard deviation of returns on Wildcat Oil Drilling is very high. Does this necessarily imply that Wildcat Oil Drilling is a high-risk investment when investors hold diversified portfolios? Explain why or why not.
The equation for beta in Chapter 8 shows that the nondiversifiable risk of an asset is the product of its standard deviation of returns and the correlation of those returns with those on a well-diversified portfolio. Wildcat Oil Drilling may have a high standard deviation of returns, but if those returns are poorly correlated with those on a well-diversified portfolio, as is likely the case, nondiversifiable risk may be low. In other words, if investors can diversify away most of Wildcat’s risk, then it is not truly a high-risk investment.
You recently found out that when the market is in recession, ALL assets seem to suffer from some degree of liquidity problems as there are less trades than usual, and thus it is hard to sell an asset without losing some of its fair value. So, you concluded that at least some portion of liquidity risk must be systematic in nature and therefore it must be compensated by the market. To verify this, you cut the market portfolio in half by the illiquidity measure developed by Amihud (2002) [So that you have one relatively liquid portfolio and one relatively illiquid portfolio. Assume that this measure is reliable.] and calculated the market liquidity risk premium as follows:
Market liquidity risk premium = Expected return on the illiquid portfolio - Expected return on the liquid portfolio = [E(RIL) - E(RL)]
Then you formed 5 portfolios from the entire market based on liquidity (Amihud measure) and estimate the factor loading β (called liquidity beta) of each portfolio using [RIL - RL] as…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3 - Security A has an expected rate of return of 6%, a...Ch. 3 - The standard deviation of stock returns for Stock...Ch. 3 - APT
An analyst has modeled the stock of Crisp...Ch. 3 - Two-Asset Portfolio
Stock A has an expected return...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4PCh. 3 - You have been hired at the investment firm of...Ch. 3 - You have been hired at the investment firm of...Ch. 3 - You have been hired at the investment firm of...Ch. 3 - You have been hired at the investment firm of...Ch. 3 - You have been hired at the investment firm of...
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- You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: Construct a plausible graph that shows risk (as measured by portfolio standard deviation) on the x-axis and expected rate of return on the y-axis. Now add an illustrative feasible (or attainable) set of portfolios and show what portion of the feasible set is efficient. What makes a particular portfolio efficient? Don’t worry about specific values when constructing the graph—merely illustrate how things look with “reasonable” data.arrow_forwardYou have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: What are two potential tests that can be conducted to verify the CAPM? What are the results of such tests? What is Roll’s critique of CAPM tests?arrow_forwardYou have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers Noon. One of its clients doesnt understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations dont always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the clients concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: Add a set of indifference curves to the graph created for part b. What do these curves represent? What is the optimal portfolio for this investor? Add a second set of indifference curves that leads to the selection of a different optimal portfolio. Why do the two investors choose different portfolios?arrow_forward
- You have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers Noon. One of its clients doesnt understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations dont always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the clients concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: e. Add a set of indifference curves to the graph created for part b. What do these curves represent? What is the optimal portfolio for this investor? Add a second set of indifference curves that leads to the selection of a different optimal portfolio. Why do the two investors choose different portfolios?arrow_forwardYou have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: What is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)? What are the assumptions that underlie the model? What is the Security Market Line (SML)?arrow_forwardYou have been hired at the investment firm of Bowers & Noon. One of its clients doesn’t understand the value of diversification or why stocks with the biggest standard deviations don’t always have the highest expected returns. Your assignment is to address the client’s concerns by showing the client how to answer the following questions: Write out the equation for the Capital Market Line (CML), and draw it on the graph. Interpret the plotted CML. Now add a set of indifference curves and illustrate how an investor’s optimal portfolio is some combination of the risky portfolio and the risk-free asset. What is the composition of the risky portfolio?arrow_forward
- You recently found out that when the market is in recession, ALL assets seem to suffer from some degree of liquidity problems as there are less trades than usual, and thus it is hard to sell an asset without losing some of its fair value. So, you concluded that at least some portion of liquidity risk must be systematic in nature and therefore it must be compensated by the market. To verify this, you cut the market portfolio in half by the illiquidity measure developed by Amihud (2002) [So that you have one relatively liquid portfolio and one relatively illiquid portfolio. Assume that this measure is reliable.] and calculated the market liquidity risk premium as follows: Market liquidity risk premium = Expected return on the illiquid portfolio - Expected return on the liquid portfolio = [E(RIL) - E(RL)] Then you formed 5 portfolios from the entire market based on liquidity (Amihud measure) and estimate the factor loading β (called liquidity beta) of each portfolio using [RIL - RL] as…arrow_forwardYou recently found out that when the market is in recession, ALL assets seem to suffer from some degree of liquidity problems as there are less trades than usual, and thus it is hard to sell an asset without losing some of its fair value. So, you concluded that at least some portion of liquidity risk must be systematic in nature and therefore it must be compensated by the market. To verify this, you cut the market portfolio in half by the illiquidity measure developed by Amihud (2002) [So that you have one relatively liquid portfolio and one relatively illiquid portfolio. Assume that this measure is reliable.] and calculated the market liquidity risk premium as follows: Market liquidity risk premium = Expected return on the illiquid portfolio - Expected return on the liquid portfolio = [E(RIL) - E(RL)] Then you formed 5 portfolios from the entire market based on liquidity (Amihud measure) and estimate the factor loading β (called liquidity beta) of each portfolio using [RIL - RL]…arrow_forwardBart Campbell, CFA, is a portfolio manager who has recently met with a prospective client, Jane Black. After conducting a survey market line (SML) performance analysis using the Dow Jones Industrial Average as her market proxy, Black claims that her portfolio has experienced superior performance. Campbell uses the capital asset pricing model as an investment performance measure and finds that Black’s portfolio plots below the SML. Campbell concludes that Black’s apparent superior performance is a function of an incorrectly specified market proxy, not superior investment management. Justify Campbell’s conclusion by addressing the likely effects of an incorrectly specified market proxy on both beta and the slope of the SML.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The SML shows the relationship between companies' required returns and their diversifiable risks. The slope and intercept of this line cannot be influenced by a firm's managers, but the position of the company on the line can be influenced by its managers. b. Suppose you plotted the returns of a given stock against those of the market, and you found that the slope of the regression line was negative. The CAPM would indicate that the required rate of return on the stock should be less than the risk-free rate for a well-diversified investor, assuming investors expect the observed relationship to continue on into the future. c. If investors become less risk averse, the slope of the Security Market Line will increase. d. If a company increases its use of debt, this is likely to cause the slope of its SML to increase, indicating a higher required return on the stock. e. The slope of the SML is determined by the value of beta.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is INCORRECT? A stock's beta is calculated as the covariance between the stock's price and the market portfolio return, divided by the variance of the market portfolio return. If we assume that the market portfolio (or the S&P 500) is efficient, then changes in the value of the market portfolio represent systematic shocks to the economy. The risk premium investors can earn by holding the market portfolio is the difference between the market portfolio's expected return and the risk-free interest rate. A stock’s standard deviation is a measure of the total risk.arrow_forwardJohn Davidson is an investment adviser at Leeds Asset Management plc. He is asked by a client to evaluate various investment opportunities currently available and he has calculated expected returns and standard deviations for five different well-diversified portfolios of risky assets: Portfolio Expected return Standard deviation Q 7.8% 10.5% R 10.0% 14.0% S 4.6% 5.0% T 11.7% 18.5% U 6.2% 7.5% (a) For each portfolio, calculate the risk premium per unit of risk (Sharpe ratio) that you expect to receive. Assume that the risk-free rate is 3.0%. (b) Using answers from a, which of these five portfolios is most likely to be the market portfolio and explain why. (200 words maximum) (c) If you are only willing to make an investment with a standard deviation of 7.0%, is it possible for you to earn a return of 7.0%? (d) What is the minimum level of risk that would be necessary for an investment to earn 7.0%? What is the composition of the…arrow_forward
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