SUSTAINABLE ENERGY (LL)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780357667224
Author: DUNLAP
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 3, Problem 7P
To determine
Calculate the amount of coal each person process, on average, per day.
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An average American consumes approximately 105 kJ of energy per day. The average life expectancy of an American is 77.9 years.
How much coal would need to be burned to provide enough energy to meet a person's energy demands if the efficiency of energy production from coal is 38%?
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1) Heating the water in a 55-gallon water heater requires about 2.0 x 103 kJ of energy.
a) Assume the energy came from natural gas with 80% efficiency; how many grams of natural gas are required?
b) Assume the energy came from electricity with 80% efficiency and that the electricity was produced from the combustion of coal with 30% efficiency; how many grams of coal are required?
For problem above, calculate how much CO2 in grams is emitted to the atmosphere.
For a: Use the balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) to determine how many grams of CO2are produced from the amount of natural gas required.
For b: Assume that coal produces 5.25 kJ of energy per gram of CO2 produced. Calculate how much CO2 in grams is produced.
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- Problem 3. A nuclear-power station produces 750 MW per year as useful energy. costs include 150 MW lost in distribution, and 290 MW lost as heat. What is the efficiency of the plant? The energyarrow_forwardIt has been suggested that carbon dioxide emissions should be taxed at $30 per metric ton (106 g C). Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere would be worth the same amount. Assume that the atmospheric mixing ratio of CO2 is 400 ppm. What is the value of the carbon in 1 cubic kilometer (km3) of air at Earth’s surface? Calculate the value of all the CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere? [Hints: The total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×1018 kg and it is composed of 80% N2 and 20% O2.arrow_forwardIn 2016, about 30 million tons of combustible municipal solid waste (MSW) was generated in the United States. One ton of MSW burned in waste-to-energy plants in the United States, generated about 474 kWh of electricity. If the average annual electricity consumption for a U.S. residential utility customer was 10,399 kilowatthours (kWh). How many households could use this amount of electricity?arrow_forward
- Due to the global warming and some other climate issues, there has been frantic efforts by states and other key stakeholders in the energy value chain to curb exploration, combustion and usage of fossil fuel. As an energy engineer, what are some of the challenges of the conversion process and their mitigation?arrow_forwardYou are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. As part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. The replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165,000. This cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 9% per year for five years (i.e. until the EOY 6), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. If the company's cost of capital is 18% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated? Click the icon to view the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when i = 9 % per year. Click the icon to view the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when i = 18% per year. You could afford to spend $ thousands for a higher quality heat exchanger. (Round to one decimal place.)arrow_forwardRead the question carefully and give me right solution according to the questionarrow_forward
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