Campbell Biology Custom Stony Brook 10 Th Edition
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781269870818
Author: Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 8TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION This chapter explains how the emergent properties of water contribute to the suitability of the environment for life. Until fairly recently, scientists assumed that other physical requirements for life included a moderate range of temperature, pH, atmospheric pressure, and salinity, as well as low levels of toxic chemicals. That view has changed with the discovery of organisms known as extremophiles, which have been found flourishing in hot, acidic sulfur springs, around hydrothermal vents deep in the ocean, and in soils with high levels of toxic metals. Why would astrobiologists be interested in studying extremophiles? What does the existence of life in such extreme environments say about the possibility of life on other planets?
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EVOLUTION CONNECTION This chapter explains how theemergent properties of water contribute to the suitabilityof the environment for life. Until fairly recently, scientistsassumed that other physical requirements for life includeda moderate range of temperature, pH, atmospheric pressure,and salinity, as well as low levels of toxic chemicals. Thatview has changed with the discovery of organisms knownas extremophiles, which have been found flourishing inhot, acidic sulfur springs, around hydrothermal ventsdeep in the ocean, and in soils with high levels of toxicmetals. Why would astrobiologists be interested in studyingextremophiles? What does the existence of life in suchextreme environments say about the possibility of life onother planets?
Water is important to all living things. Water activity is a measure of the water that is available to an organism. Water has a water activity of 1. Can you explain why jelly which is moist and semi-fluid would have a low water activity similar to something dry like cereal? (Why can’t microbes grow in this?)
VOLUTION CONNECTION This chapter explains how theemergent properties of water contribute to the suitabilityof the environment for life. Until fairly recently, scientistsassumed that other physical requirements for life includeda moderate range of temperature, pH, atmospheric pressure,and salinity, as well as low levels of toxic chemicals. Thatview has changed with the discovery of organisms knownas extremophiles, which have been found flourishing inhot, acidic sulfur springs, around hydrothermal ventsdeep in the ocean, and in soils with high levels of toxicmetals. Why would astrobiologists be interested in studyingextremophiles? What does the existence of life in suchextreme environments say about the possibility of life onother planets?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Campbell Biology Custom Stony Brook 10 Th Edition
Ch. 3.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What is electronegativity, and...Ch. 3.1 - Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water...Ch. 3.1 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect on the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 3.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 3.2 - WHAT IF? A water strider (an insect that can walk...Ch. 3.2 - WHAT IF? A water strider (an insect that can walk...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 3.3 - Compared with a basic Solution at pH 9, the same...Ch. 3.3 - HCl is a strong acid that dissociates in water:...
Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 3.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 3 - DRAW IT Label a hydrogen bond and a polar...Ch. 3 - Describe how different types of solutes dissolve...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.3CRCh. 3 - Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 3 - Measurements show that the pH of a particuiar lake...Ch. 3 - What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the...Ch. 3 - A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn...Ch. 3 - DRAW IT Draw the hydration shells that form around...Ch. 3 - In agricultural areas, farmers pay close attention...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION This chapter explains how the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 3 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Several emergent...Ch. 3 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE How do cats drink?...
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- As water cools below 4°C, it expands and becomes less dense. Why is this beneficial to organisms living in a lake during a cold winter?arrow_forwardList and briefly describe the four functions that water performs in living organismsarrow_forward(biogenesis)- proved that life comes from life because the flies were not in the sealed container Flask sealed Flask covered with gauze Flask unsealed In the 1950s, scientists Miller and Urey conducted a classic experiment in which wa methane, ammonia, and hydrogen were sealed in a flask containing a pair of electr electric spark was fired between the electrodes, and after a week's time, they found acids were present in the flask. Which of the following best explains the significance Corth?arrow_forward
- compare and contrast between hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solutions and include an image that correctly represents each of these possible cellular tonicities illustrating the movement of water.arrow_forwardAs surface water in a lake cools from 4 °C to 0 °C, the water expands and becomes less dense. Why is this change in the water beneficial to the organisms living in the lake? As the water cools to freezing, spaces form between water molecules, providing microhabitats for small organisms. Less dense water holds more dissolved compounds, keeping water from freezing so organisms survive winter. O Cooler water is less viscous than warmer water, making it easier for organisms to move through the water. O Frozen surface water insulates the water below it, maintaining a habitat where organisms can overwinter.arrow_forwardMatch the term to the description. Cohesion Adhesion Solvent Evaporation [Choose ] [Choose ] The conversion of water to vapor. Without this property, water would quickly evaporate from the Earth's surface. Hydrogen bonds between water and other substances. Solutes are dissolved into this substance.arrow_forward
- What role does the cohesive nature of water play in living systems? Give at least three examples.arrow_forward"Water molecules are small, but they are also polar. Recent evidence shows that they use special proteins called aquaporins, in a process of facilitated transport." True Falsearrow_forwardWater circulation is complex.Arrange five distinctive steps of water that continually cycle around the planet.arrow_forward
- i just answered a hw question that i was a little confused on. i answered it but am not fully sure if it's correct. so can you take a look at check if my answer is correct and if it's not, then a explaintion would be helpful. Would you expect water molecules to move faster when there is a HIGH concentration gradient or a LOW concentration gradient? Water molecules would move faster when there is a high concentration gradient because the pressure for the molecules in the high concentration to reach equilibrium increases since there are more molecules there than in the low concentration. So as the molecules move down the concentration gradient faster to equalize the concentration on both sides due to the increased pressure, the rate of diffusion increases.arrow_forward3) A soil bacteria wishes to open a health spa where the air is not too dry but the premises don't flood frequently either. She is hoping for a soil with a relative humidity between 50-60%. A lawyer acquaintance (a real fungus) is trying to sell her some property. He boasts that the area has a year-round matric potential of about -6.5 MPa, an electrical conductivity (in the pore-water) of 5 dS/m, and a comfortable temperature of 15 oC. The hard-sell lawyer is pressuring her for a quick decision. Does the property meet her requirements?arrow_forwardWater’s life-supporting properties such as cohesion and temperature stabilization are due to: A.Water molecules have oxygen. B.Water molecules have hydrogen. C.Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other. D.Water molecules are small. E.Water molecules are hydrophobic.arrow_forward
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