Chapter 30, Problem 6Q

To determine

Why are atoms much more likely to emit an alpha particle than to emit separate neutrons and protons.

Answer to Problem 6Q

Solution:

The alpha particle is a very stable nucleus. It has less energy when bound together than when split apart into separate nucleons.

Explanation of Solution

There must be some force holding the nucleus together. Protons packed very close to each other for all nuclei with atomic numbers greater than one. The protons would repel each other if the only force present between the protons were the electrostatic force and this would result in unstable nuclei. Since there are stable nuclei, there must be some other force stronger than the electrostatic force, holding the nucleus together the strong nuclear force.