Concept explainers
(a)
To draw: A phylogeny of
Concept introduction: Phylogenetics is the branch of science that deals with estimating and analyzing evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms. It is based on the morphological as well as
In phylogenetic studies, the most convenient way of visualizing evolutionary connection among a group of organisms is through phylogenetic trees, which is represented by line and nodes.
(b)
To discuss: The evolution of the female gametophyte and endosperm in angiosperms with reference to the phylogenetic tree as shown in Fig.1.
Concept introduction: Phylogenetics is the branch of science that deals with estimating and analyzing evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms. It is based on the morphological as well as nucleic acid similarity.
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- In a fertilized ovule, n, 2n and 3n conditions occur respectively in A. antipodal, zygote and endosperm B. zygote, nucellus and endosperm C. endosperm, nucellus and zygote. D. antipodals, synergids and integusmentsarrow_forward1. Explain the process of seed development in a typical angiosperm plant. 2. Describe the two -stage life cycle of plants: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. 3. A cross section through the blade of a typical dicot leaf reveals distinct tissue layers. What are these? Differentiate briefly each layer.arrow_forwardBullet items are options for question above it 1. The seed-bearing plants are the gymnosperms and the angiosperms. Incorporating seeds into their reproductive cycle gave these plants an advantage over other groups of plants that came before. Which of these is an advantage that seeds have over spores? Seeds require less energy for the plant to produce than do spores. Seeds can be spread on the wind or by animals, while spores have to swim through water. Seeds contain a store of nutrients to nourish the plant embryo until it is able to grow. options for pull down menus: options for 1: -ovule -pollen sac options for 2: -in seed -in ovule -pollen options for 3: -spore -seed -flower options for 4: -pollen sac -ovule options for 5: -in ovule -in seed -pollenarrow_forward
- Apply your understanding of angiosperms to identify which innovations likely contributed to the tremendous success of angiosperms.a. wind pollinationb. coevolution of flowers and their pollinatorsc. cones that protect the seedd. dominant gametophyte generationarrow_forwardWhich of the follow correctly describe the function of a seed? Question 31 options: Contains the plant embryo and a tissue such as endosperm to provide nutrition for early plant growth. Grows from the ovary of a flowering plants and surrounds the seed. Provide protection and/or attracts animals to aid in seed dispersal. The reproductive structure of the angiosperms. The reproductive structure of the gymnosperms. Carries the microgametophyte and sperm cells during sexual reproduction in angiosperms.arrow_forwardAngiosperms are the most diverse group of plants on the planet, by far. However, using flowers for reproduction does have potential disadvantages. Briefly describe two possible challenges (e.g., problems, risks, costs, etc.) that might be associated with using flowers as a reproductive strategy.arrow_forward
- 5. Using the illustrations above, arrange the following statements to explain the process of pollen formation in angiosperms. (Microsporogenesis) A. A diploid sporogenous cells differentiate as microsporocytes (pollen mother cells or meiocytes) which divide by meiosis to form four haploid nucleus. B. Distinct single-celled haploid microspores form after cytokinesis.arrow_forward4. Using the illustrations above, arrange the following statements FROM 1-5 to explain the process of pollen formation in angiosperms. A. The generative cell subsequently detaches from the pollen grain wall and is engulfed by the vegetative cell forming a unique 'cell within a cell' structure. B. Each microspore will form large vacuole displacing the microspore nucleus to an eccentric position against the microspore wall. C. The nucleus undergoes first pollen mitosis which results in the formation of two unequal cells, a large vegetative cell and a small generative cell each containing a haploid nucleus. D. The generative cell divides by mitosis to form two sperm cells completely enclosed within the vegetative cell cytoplasm. E. No cytokinesis takes place forming a pollen grain having 3 haploid nucleus, 1 tube nucleus and 2 sperm cells for double fertilization.arrow_forwardWrite on mega-Sporogenesis, microsporogenesis and development of embryo in angiospermsarrow_forward
- 1. It is considered the oldest seed plant to date.2. These are structures in Elkinsia that protect the ovule.3. Conifers evolved during this period.4. A group of gymnosperms that undergo double fertilization like the floweringplants.5-7. Mention three adaptive advantages of the seed.8. Besides the seed, what other structure is a reproductive adaptation in seedplants?arrow_forward1. Plants are classified into three types based on water availability in its habitat. What are these types? Cite at least one leaf adaptation (morphological /anatomical) on each type. 2. Explain the process of seed development in a typical angiosperm plant. 3. Describe the two -stage life cycle of plants: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage.arrow_forwardMarine angiosperms form a significant component of the sea grass, mangroves and salt marsh communities. Explain in detail what are the 5 adaptations that help seagrass adapt their ecology to such particular environments.arrow_forward
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