Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323670637
Author: Urry, Cain
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 30.2, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To draw: A phylogenetic tree of seed plants depicting the relationship between Elkinsia, gymnosperms, and the
Concept introduction: The first evidence of seed plant comes from 360 million-year-old fossils of plants in the genus Elkinsia. Elkinsia is a group of extinct gymnosperms. It lived 55 million years before the first fossil was classified as gymnosperms.
The early seed plants became extinct, and there is no information about the lineage that gave rise to the gymnosperms. The early gymnosperms lived in the Carboniferous Period. In the Permian period, the gymnosperms replaced the lycophytes and ferns. In the late Mesozoic era, the angiosperms started to replace the gymnosperms.
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Now you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds.
Plant groups
Vascular Tissue
Flowers
Seeds
Gymnosperms
1
0
1
Mosses
0
0
0
Ferns
1
0
0
Angiosperms
1
1
1
Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.
Describe what the early angiosperm may have been like with regard to flowers, body, ecołogy, wood and pollen. For each of the characters, what living angiosperms still have those characters? In what ways have those changed in certain lines of evolution?
Create a hypothetical phylogenetic tree using 11 plant species listed below.
Chara, Nitella, Marchantia, Polytrichum, Equistem, Psilotum, Polypodium, Pinus, Zamia, Arabidopsis, and Lilium.
Divide the species into five specific groups (Charophytes, Bryophytes, Monolithophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms) which will be the clades of your phylogenetic tree.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
Ch. 30.1 - Contrast how sperm reach the eggs of seedless...Ch. 30.1 - What features not present in seedless plants have...Ch. 30.1 - WHAT IF? If a seed could not enter dormancy, how...Ch. 30.2 - Use examples from Figure 30.7 to describe how...Ch. 30.2 - Explain how the pine life cycle in Figure 30.4...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 30.3 - It is said that an oak is an acorns way of making...Ch. 30.3 - Compare and contrast a pine cone and a flower in...Ch. 30.3 - WHAT IF? Do speciation rates in closely related...Ch. 30.4 - Explain why plant diversity can be considered a...
Ch. 30.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 30 - Describe how the parts of an ovule (integument....Ch. 30 - Although there are fewer Ihan 1,000 spedes of...Ch. 30 - Explain why Darwin called the origin of...Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.4CRCh. 30 - Where in an angiosperm would you find a...Ch. 30 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 30 - With respect to angiosperms, which of the...Ch. 30 - Which of thc following is not a characteristic...Ch. 30 - Gymnosperms and angiosperms liave tlie following...Ch. 30 - DRAW IT Use the letters a-d to label where on the...Ch. 30 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION The history of life has been...Ch. 30 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 30 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Cells arc the...Ch. 30 - Prob. 10TYU
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- One of the major phylogenetic conclusions of this study is: choose one a. The Ginkgoales are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. b. There is no sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. c. The Cycads are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. d. The Gnetales are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms. e. The Conifers are the sister group to angiosperms among extant gymnosperms.arrow_forwardYou have been hired as research assistant to investigate the origins of the angiosperms, specifically the boundary between a gymnosperm and an angiosperm. Which characteristics would you use to clearly define a new fossil as a gymnosperm? An angiosperm?arrow_forwardWorking in the field, you discover a fossil of a previously undescribed plant species.The specimen is small and may not be complete; the parts you have do not include floral organs. what sort of observation(evidence) would you nrrd in order to classify the fossilas a vasucular plant with reasonable accuracy?What evidence would you need to distinguis between an angiosperm and gymnosperm? Answer should be a maximum of 170 wordsarrow_forward
- Describe the interrelationships among the different gymnosperm lineages, as inferred from the two cladograms. What are the common patterns you see in the two figures, and in what ways do they differ?arrow_forwardTable 4 Comparison of Important Characteristics of Plants Trait Charophytes Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Gametophyte or sporophyte dominant Stomata (+/-) Cuticle (+/-) Water required for fertilization? Vascular tissue (+/-) Seeds present? Pollen present? Fruit present? Examplesarrow_forwardExplain why Darwin called the origin of angiosperms an “abominablemystery,” and describe what has been learned from fossil evidenceand phylogenetic analyses.arrow_forward
- working in the field, you discover a fossil of a previously undescribed plant species. the specimen is small and may not be complete; the parts you have do not include any floral organs. what sort of observations(evidence) would you need in order to classify the fossil as a vascular plant with reasonable accuracy? what evidence would you need to distinguish between an angiosperm and a gymnosperm?arrow_forwardEvolutionary Developmentà VASCULAR TISSUE What is vascular tissue? Seedless Vascular Plants (vascular tissue, no seeds) How long ago do seedless vascular plants first appear in the fossil record? Name 2 types of seedless vascular plants that are extant: Evolutionary Developmentà SEEDS What is a seed? Seed Plants (vascular tissue, seeds) How long ago do seed plants first appear in the fossil record? There are 2 Types of Seed Plants: Gymnosperms Give 2 examples of modern plants that are gymnosperms: Angiosperms (flowering plants) Give 2 examples of modern plants that are angiosperms:arrow_forwarda. How are the angiosperms classified according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG)? b. What is the present understanding about the origin of flowering plants, and the classification of angiosperms into “monocots” and “dicots”, based on most recent evidences? c. The work of plant taxonomists of the 20th century who identified /established the different families of flowering plants based mainly on morphological and anatomical details is still valued and being used today, despite the general acceptance of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) as a classification system for the flowering plants. Explain why.arrow_forward
- FILL UP THE TABLE WITH 1=PRESENT AND 0=ABSENT Xylem Wood and Phloem Seeds Chloroplast Cuticle and Flower Chlamydomonas Marchantia Psilotum Gingko |xora Construct a phylogenetic tree for the following OTU and use bars to denote their apomorphiesarrow_forwardT Complete the following table by listing the dominant life stage (gametophyte or sporophyte) for each type of plant and checking the features that each possesses. (Check only those boxes of features that are present. If the feature is absent in that type of plant, leave the box blank.) Type of Plant Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Dominant Life Stage Produces spores that are released from the plant? Has vascular system? Produces seeds? Produces Produces pollen? flowers? Produces fruit?arrow_forwardThe Apiaceae is closely related to the Araliaceae, the family to which ginseng and octopus tree belong. Know the characters which the two families share in List down features of Asteraceae that are considered advanced relative to other dicotyledonous families.arrow_forward
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