Concept explainers
To determine: Evolution of a
Concept introduction: A trait or character is a feature of an organism. Triats like ancestral traits are what the modern generation has derived from ancestor. A derived trait is a trait that the current organism has, and previous one didn't or they have undergone a secondary loss (this may also refer to structures that are not present in an organism, but were present in its ancestors). Lack of structure is a derived trait saprobes, symbionts, or parasites. The ancestor of the mutualist fungi adopted parasitic mode of nutrition that causes the death of the host. The progeny of the parasitic fungi adopted the evolutionary changes in their mode of nutrition (mutations) and hence followed the mutualism (symbiotic relationship) that would not harm the host but also benefit both host and the fungi.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 31 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
- A hypothesized evolutionary advantage to asexual reproduction in fungi is that: -It allows them to form resting spores -It protects their genes from mutation -It allows them to avoid phages -It allows them to grow quickly when nutrient levels are richarrow_forwardWhat is the ploidy level of the gametophyte generation in the Cycadophyta? O haploid (1n) diploid (1n) triploid (3n) O diploid (2n)arrow_forwardWRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION As you read inthis chapter, fungi have long formed symbiotic associationswith plants and with algae. In a short essay (100–150 words),describe how these two types of associations may lead toemergent properties in biological communities.arrow_forward
- Lichen is usually cited as an example of 'symbiosis' in plants where an algal and a fungal species live together for their mutual benefit. What will happen if algal and fungal partners are separated from each other? 2.arrow_forwardMicrotaxonomy (Species and Speciation) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a fungus that causes mango anthracnose. It's a devastating disease being avoided by mango farmers. For example, in the island province of Guimaras, Philippines, one cannot bring mango into the island to avoid contamination of the mango plantations. Guimaras produces the sweetest mango in the world. One challenge in the control of mango anthracnose is that C. gloeosporioides is a species complex. What is a complex and how do we provide clear delineation (if we can) among these closely related species?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE about fungi? O A Fungi can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic. O B Septa are divisions between fungal cells with small pores that allow cytoplasm to flow between the cells. O C Fungal cells walls contain chitin, which is the same material found insect exoskeletons. D The fungi and the choanoflagellates are part of a group called the Opisthokonts. O E All fungi are part of a single monophyletic group.arrow_forward
- How might the environment influence whether a fungus reproduces sexually or asexually? Plz add refence and be plagiarism freearrow_forwardMycorrhizal fungi live in the soil and interact with the roots of plants. Essentail nutrients (e.g. nitrogenous compounds) are taken from the soil by the fungi and transferred to the plant roots. The fungi extract carbohydrates from the plant roots. What type of interaction is occurring?arrow_forwardFigure 24.17 Which of the following statements is true? A basidium is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus, and it forms four basidiocarps. The result of the plasmogamy step is four basidiospores. Karyogamy results directly in the formation of mycelia. A basidiocarp is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus.arrow_forward
- Lichens are able to reproduce both sexually and asexually, with nearly 1/3 of all species reproducing solely by asexual means. Given that lichens are an association between multiple species from different kingdoms, how do you think this might work? What components would have to be present in the reproductive structure for reproduction to be successful?arrow_forwardFungi play a variety of roles in the ecosystem. Discuss briefly each of the following roles stated below. Give specific examples whenever possible. 1. Decomposers 2. Mycorrhizae 3. Lichen Symbiont 4. Endophyte 5. Plant Pathogenarrow_forwardThe Greek root endo means "within" or "internal." Why are endomycorrhizal fungi, or AM Fungi, aptly named? Select one: O a. their hyphae form tree-like branching structures inside plant root cells O b. they are mutualistic c. their hyphae form dense mats that surround roots but do not penetrate the cell walls O d. they form clamp connection that link cells togetherarrow_forward
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning