About the components of the reflex arc. Introduction: The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 31A, Problem 2.1A

(a)

Summary Introduction

To write:

About the components of the reflex arc.

Introduction:

The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The reflex arc controls the impulse before reaching it to the brain. There is a certain stimulus that generates automatic involuntary response without conscious thought. The stimulus is perceived by the receptor. The receptor acts as a sense organ and sends the signal to sensory neurons. The sensory neurons further transfer signals to interconnected neurons.

The signal is received by the neurons present in the spinal cords. The signal from the spinal cord is sent back to the muscles via motor neurons. The muscles that are attached tothe effector organ allow the organ away from the danger. The integration center involves monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord (grey matter).

(b)

Summary Introduction

To write:

The neural pathway for a voluntary reaction differs from a spinal reflex arc.

Introduction:

The axons form a connection that projects from neurons and synapses with another neuron, thus allowing a signal to travel from one location to another in the nervous system. The reflex is a response that is produced automatically whereas the action produced upon stimulus is a reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The voluntary cells are controlled by somatic cells. The voluntary reaction is under the control of the body whereas the involuntary response is controlled by the autonomic nerves of the body.The neural pathway of voluntary response involves the spinal cord, brain and nerve cells outside them. The voluntary reaction is an action that is performed by our choice and it includes talking, eating, and walking.

The neural pathway of the spinal reflex arc is generated by the central nervous system and it lies completely in the spinal cord. The spinal reflex is produced by sensory afferent fibers that enter the spinal cord and directly activates the spinal motor neurons.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 31A, Problem 2.1A

(a)

Summary Introduction

To write:

About the components of the reflex arc.

Introduction:

The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The reflex arc controls the impulse before reaching it to the brain. There is a certain stimulus that generates automatic involuntary response without conscious thought. The stimulus is perceived by the receptor. The receptor acts as a sense organ and sends the signal to sensory neurons. The sensory neurons further transfer signals to interconnected neurons.

The signal is received by the neurons present in the spinal cords. The signal from the spinal cord is sent back to the muscles via motor neurons. The muscles that are attached tothe effector organ allow the organ away from the danger. The integration center involves monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord (grey matter).

(b)

Summary Introduction

To write:

The neural pathway for a voluntary reaction differs from a spinal reflex arc.

Introduction:

The axons form a connection that projects from neurons and synapses with another neuron, thus allowing a signal to travel from one location to another in the nervous system. The reflex is a response that is produced automatically whereas the action produced upon stimulus is a reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The voluntary cells are controlled by somatic cells. The voluntary reaction is under the control of the body whereas the involuntary response is controlled by the autonomic nerves of the body.The neural pathway of voluntary response involves the spinal cord, brain and nerve cells outside them. The voluntary reaction is an action that is performed by our choice and it includes talking, eating, and walking.

The neural pathway of the spinal reflex arc is generated by the central nervous system and it lies completely in the spinal cord. The spinal reflex is produced by sensory afferent fibers that enter the spinal cord and directly activates the spinal motor neurons.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 31A, Problem 2.1A

(a)

Summary Introduction

To write:

About the components of the reflex arc.

Introduction:

The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The reflex arc controls the impulse before reaching it to the brain. There is a certain stimulus that generates automatic involuntary response without conscious thought. The stimulus is perceived by the receptor. The receptor acts as a sense organ and sends the signal to sensory neurons. The sensory neurons further transfer signals to interconnected neurons.

The signal is received by the neurons present in the spinal cords. The signal from the spinal cord is sent back to the muscles via motor neurons. The muscles that are attached tothe effector organ allow the organ away from the danger. The integration center involves monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord (grey matter).

(b)

Summary Introduction

To write:

The neural pathway for a voluntary reaction differs from a spinal reflex arc.

Introduction:

The axons form a connection that projects from neurons and synapses with another neuron, thus allowing a signal to travel from one location to another in the nervous system. The reflex is a response that is produced automatically whereas the action produced upon stimulus is a reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The voluntary cells are controlled by somatic cells. The voluntary reaction is under the control of the body whereas the involuntary response is controlled by the autonomic nerves of the body.The neural pathway of voluntary response involves the spinal cord, brain and nerve cells outside them. The voluntary reaction is an action that is performed by our choice and it includes talking, eating, and walking.

The neural pathway of the spinal reflex arc is generated by the central nervous system and it lies completely in the spinal cord. The spinal reflex is produced by sensory afferent fibers that enter the spinal cord and directly activates the spinal motor neurons.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 31A, Problem 2.1A

(a)

Summary Introduction

To write:

About the components of the reflex arc.

Introduction:

The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The reflex arc controls the impulse before reaching it to the brain. There is a certain stimulus that generates automatic involuntary response without conscious thought. The stimulus is perceived by the receptor. The receptor acts as a sense organ and sends the signal to sensory neurons. The sensory neurons further transfer signals to interconnected neurons.

The signal is received by the neurons present in the spinal cords. The signal from the spinal cord is sent back to the muscles via motor neurons. The muscles that are attached tothe effector organ allow the organ away from the danger. The integration center involves monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord (grey matter).

(b)

Summary Introduction

To write:

The neural pathway for a voluntary reaction differs from a spinal reflex arc.

Introduction:

The axons form a connection that projects from neurons and synapses with another neuron, thus allowing a signal to travel from one location to another in the nervous system. The reflex is a response that is produced automatically whereas the action produced upon stimulus is a reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The voluntary cells are controlled by somatic cells. The voluntary reaction is under the control of the body whereas the involuntary response is controlled by the autonomic nerves of the body.The neural pathway of voluntary response involves the spinal cord, brain and nerve cells outside them. The voluntary reaction is an action that is performed by our choice and it includes talking, eating, and walking.

The neural pathway of the spinal reflex arc is generated by the central nervous system and it lies completely in the spinal cord. The spinal reflex is produced by sensory afferent fibers that enter the spinal cord and directly activates the spinal motor neurons.

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Answer 5

Chapter 31A, Problem 2.1A

(a)

Summary Introduction

To write:

About the components of the reflex arc.

Introduction:

The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The reflex arc controls the impulse before reaching it to the brain. There is a certain stimulus that generates automatic involuntary response without conscious thought. The stimulus is perceived by the receptor. The receptor acts as a sense organ and sends the signal to sensory neurons. The sensory neurons further transfer signals to interconnected neurons.

The signal is received by the neurons present in the spinal cords. The signal from the spinal cord is sent back to the muscles via motor neurons. The muscles that are attached tothe effector organ allow the organ away from the danger. The integration center involves monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord (grey matter).

(b)

Summary Introduction

To write:

The neural pathway for a voluntary reaction differs from a spinal reflex arc.

Introduction:

The axons form a connection that projects from neurons and synapses with another neuron, thus allowing a signal to travel from one location to another in the nervous system. The reflex is a response that is produced automatically whereas the action produced upon stimulus is a reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The voluntary cells are controlled by somatic cells. The voluntary reaction is under the control of the body whereas the involuntary response is controlled by the autonomic nerves of the body.The neural pathway of voluntary response involves the spinal cord, brain and nerve cells outside them. The voluntary reaction is an action that is performed by our choice and it includes talking, eating, and walking.

The neural pathway of the spinal reflex arc is generated by the central nervous system and it lies completely in the spinal cord. The spinal reflex is produced by sensory afferent fibers that enter the spinal cord and directly activates the spinal motor neurons.

Answer 6

Chapter 31A, Problem 2.1A

(a)

Summary Introduction

To write:

About the components of the reflex arc.

Introduction:

The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The reflex arc controls the impulse before reaching it to the brain. There is a certain stimulus that generates automatic involuntary response without conscious thought. The stimulus is perceived by the receptor. The receptor acts as a sense organ and sends the signal to sensory neurons. The sensory neurons further transfer signals to interconnected neurons.

The signal is received by the neurons present in the spinal cords. The signal from the spinal cord is sent back to the muscles via motor neurons. The muscles that are attached tothe effector organ allow the organ away from the danger. The integration center involves monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord (grey matter).

Answer 7

Chapter 31A, Problem 2.1A

(a)

Summary Introduction

To write:

About the components of the reflex arc.

Introduction:

The neuronal pathway that is involved in controlling a reflex is a reflex arc. The reflex is an involuntary action in response to any stimulus. The components of typical reflex arc include receptor, motor neuron, effector, sensory neuron, and integration center.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The reflex arc controls the impulse before reaching it to the brain. There is a certain stimulus that generates automatic involuntary response without conscious thought. The stimulus is perceived by the receptor. The receptor acts as a sense organ and sends the signal to sensory neurons. The sensory neurons further transfer signals to interconnected neurons.

The signal is received by the neurons present in the spinal cords. The signal from the spinal cord is sent back to the muscles via motor neurons. The muscles that are attached tothe effector organ allow the organ away from the danger. The integration center involves monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord (grey matter).

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Summary Introduction

To write:

The neural pathway for a voluntary reaction differs from a spinal reflex arc.

Introduction:

The axons form a connection that projects from neurons and synapses with another neuron, thus allowing a signal to travel from one location to another in the nervous system. The reflex is a response that is produced automatically whereas the action produced upon stimulus is a reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The voluntary cells are controlled by somatic cells. The voluntary reaction is under the control of the body whereas the involuntary response is controlled by the autonomic nerves of the body.The neural pathway of voluntary response involves the spinal cord, brain and nerve cells outside them. The voluntary reaction is an action that is performed by our choice and it includes talking, eating, and walking.

The neural pathway of the spinal reflex arc is generated by the central nervous system and it lies completely in the spinal cord. The spinal reflex is produced by sensory afferent fibers that enter the spinal cord and directly activates the spinal motor neurons.

Answer 13

(b)

Summary Introduction

To write:

The neural pathway for a voluntary reaction differs from a spinal reflex arc.

Introduction:

The axons form a connection that projects from neurons and synapses with another neuron, thus allowing a signal to travel from one location to another in the nervous system. The reflex is a response that is produced automatically whereas the action produced upon stimulus is a reaction.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The voluntary cells are controlled by somatic cells. The voluntary reaction is under the control of the body whereas the involuntary response is controlled by the autonomic nerves of the body.The neural pathway of voluntary response involves the spinal cord, brain and nerve cells outside them. The voluntary reaction is an action that is performed by our choice and it includes talking, eating, and walking.

The neural pathway of the spinal reflex arc is generated by the central nervous system and it lies completely in the spinal cord. The spinal reflex is produced by sensory afferent fibers that enter the spinal cord and directly activates the spinal motor neurons.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Ch. 31A - Prob. 2.1A Ch. 31A - What is the difference between a reflex response...

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 31A Solutions