Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305544703
Author: STARR
Publisher: Cengage
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Textbook Question
Chapter 32, Problem 15SQ
Match each item with its description.
| ___ gray matter | a. start of brain, spinal cord |
| ___ neurotransmitter | b. connects the hemispheres |
| ___ pons | c. protects brain and spinal |
| ___ corpus callosum | cord from some toxins |
| ___ cerebral cortex | d. type of signaling molecule |
| ___ neural tube | e. brain's myelin makers |
| ___ oligodendrocytes | f. brain stem structure |
| ___ blood-brain | g. controls language, reasoning |
| barrier | h. cell bodies and dendrites |
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following brain regions is not correctly matched to itsfunction?a. The medulla oblongata regulates heartbeat, breathing, and bloodpressure.b. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle movements.c. The thalamus secretes melatonin, which regulates daily bodyrhythms.d. The midbrain acts as a refl ex center for visual, auditory, andtactile responses.
I. These forms the specialized junctions called synapse.
A. Cell body
B. Glial cells
C. Synaptic terminal
D. Neurotransmitters
II. These are the gaps in the myelin sheath which is the site where signals are recharged as they travel down the axon.
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Axon hillock
C. Dendrites
D. Nodes of Ranvier
III. These neurons form the local circuits that connect neurons in the brain
A. Interneurons
B. Axon hillock
C. Dendrites
D. Soma
The process of myelination results in an increase in white matter. Myelination happens for all brain regions. Because of increases in myelination
A) At the same time; neural signals can travel through the brain faster
B) At different times; neural signals can travel through the brain faster
C) At different times; neurogenesis is improved
D) At the same time; neurogenesis is improved
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 32 - ___ relay messages from the brain and .spinal cord...Ch. 32 - Prob. 1DAACh. 32 - Prob. 2DAACh. 32 - Prob. 3DAACh. 32 - Prob. 4DAACh. 32 - When a neuron is at rest, ______ a. it is at...Ch. 32 - Action potentials occur when ________ a. a neuron...Ch. 32 - True or false? Action potentials vary in their...Ch. 32 - Neurotransmitters are released by _______ a. axon...Ch. 32 - What chemicals is released by the axon terminals...
Ch. 32 - Which neurotransmitter is important in...Ch. 32 - Skeletal muscles are controlled by _________ a....Ch. 32 - When you sit quietly on the couch and read, output...Ch. 32 - Dorsal root ganglia contain _______ of sensory...Ch. 32 - Prob. 11SQCh. 32 - Neurons are arrested in ________ of the cell...Ch. 32 - Prob. 13SQCh. 32 - Commands to move your right arm start in the...Ch. 32 - Match each item with its description. ___ gray...Ch. 32 - Prob. 1CTCh. 32 - In human newborns, especially premature ones, the...
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- Most human axons have a myelin sheath that_____ . a. prevents action potentials from moving backward b. increases the speed of action potential conduction c. consists of specialized interneurons d. increases the size of action potentialsarrow_forwardMatch the terms with their descriptions. ____ thalamus a. coordinates motor activity ____ dopamine b. connects the hemispheres ____ limbic system c. protects brain and spinal cord from some toxins ____ corpus callosum d. one type of neurotransmitter ____ cerebral cortex e. support team for neurons ____ cerebellum f. wrap brain and spinal cord ____ neuroglia g. roles in emotion and memory ____ ganglion h. most complex integration ____ blood-brain barrier i. cluster of neuron cell bodies ____ meninges j. regulates sleep-wake cyclearrow_forwardThe part of the brain that is responsible for coordination during movement is the ______. a. limbic system b. thalamus c. cerebellum d. parietal lobearrow_forward
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/3Dmovies) to learn about the side effects of 3-D movies. As discussed in this video, movies that are shot in 3-D can cause motion sickness, which elicits the autonomic symptoms of nausea and sweating. The disconnection between the perceived motion on the screen and the lack of any change in equilibrium stimulates these symptoms. Why do you think sitting close to the screen or right in the middle of the theater makes motion sickness during a 3-D movie worse?arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/whitematter) to learn about the white matter in the cerebrum that develops during childhood and adolescence. This is a composite of MRI images taken of the brains of people from 5 years of age through 20 years of age, demonstrating how the cerebrum changes. As the color changes to blue, the ratio of gray matter to white matter changes. The caption for the video describes it as less gray matter, which is another way of saying more white matter. If the brain does not finish developing until approximately 20 years of age, can teenagers be held responsible for behaving badly?arrow_forward
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervsystem1) to learn more about the nervous system. As described in this video, the nervous system has a way to deal with threats and stress that is separate from the conscious control of the somatic nervous system. The system comes from a time when threats were about survival, but in the modern age, these responses become part of stress and anxiety. This video describes how the autonomic system is only part of the response to threats, or stressors. What other organ system gets involved, and what part of the brain coordinates the two systems for the entire response, including epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol?arrow_forwardCompared to sparrows, neurons in larger dinosaurs would probably have ______________ myelin and be ____________ than sparrow neurons. A) less, wider B) less, narrower C) more, wider D) more, narrowerarrow_forwardYou fill up the tub to take a hot bath, but the water istoo hot. You test it a second and third time within a fewseconds, and it feels okay. Which of the following is themost likely explanation?a. The water has cooled down unusually quickly.b. Your ability to sense heat has adapted.c. Your nervous system is suddenly not functioningproperly.d. Someone added ice cubes to your bath.arrow_forward
- What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?a. They both are more common in young men than in young women.b. They both impair the initiation of action potentials.c. They both damage the myelin sheath, disrupting action potential transmission.d. They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous systemarrow_forwardYou hit the gym, releasing dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in your brain. What are these three things? Explain how these three things are transmitted and retained in the brain, and how these three things impact our body (Hint: a good answer should include the terms neuron, dendrite, axon, action potential, and synapse)arrow_forward2. Which of the following is not one of the basic functions of the nervous system? a. Formulate responses to sensory stimulation b. Send signals rapidly between body parts c. Produce major body fluids such as plasma and interstitial tissue fluid d. Detect sense stimuli 3. One example of a function of neuroglial cells is to... a. Add myelin to axons b. Produce neurotransmitters c. Bind neurotransmitters d. Link one neuron cell to another at thesynapsearrow_forward
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