Chapter 32, Problem 1MM

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Instinct theory views instincts as the source of the motivation of human beings. Evolutionary psychology views the psychological nature from an evolutionary perspective.

Answer to Problem 1MM

Correct answer:  Genes predispose species-typical states was the underlying assumption of instinct theory. Therefore, option b. is correct

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct statement:

Human motives cannot be entirely explained with instincts. However, the theoretical approach of evolutionary biology towards the instincts and drives of human beings states that genes play a major role in the way the behavior of the organism is shaped. The biological predispositions of the human beings are explained based on this idea only.

Option b. is given as “genes predispose species-typical behavior”

The idea that species-typical behavior is predisposed by genes is the basis of instinct theory, option b. is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option a. is given as “physiological needs arouse psychological states”.

The relationship between physiological needs and psychological state is considered for the driving force of human beings, not for instinct theory. Thus, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “physiological needs increase arousal”.

The arousal based on physiological needs is the basis for the idea behind the drive for intercourse, not for instinct theory. Thus, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “external needs energize and direct behavior”.

The external needs and behavior connection is used to explain the behavior of human beings, not instinct theory. Thus, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Evolutionary psychology expounds that genes predispose species-typical states; this is the underlying assumption of instinct theory.