Concept explainers
Introduction:
Cells are regarded as the simplest unit (structural and functional) of life. Cellular membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. The nucleus is bound by a nuclear membrane, and it possesses the genetic material of the cell. Cytoplasm consists of organelles, cytoskeleton (filaments and tubules), and inclusion bodies. Cellular membrane, which surrounds the entire cell, is composed of phospholipids and proteins. The plasma membrane is amphipathic, which indicates the presence of both hydrophilic (polar) and hydrophobic (non-polar) groups. Protoplasm denotes all living material that are present in the cell enclosed by the cellular membrane (inside and outside the nucleus).
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A&P UNITY AND FUNCTION ACCESS
- How do the phospholipids arrange themselves in the plasma membrane? Why?arrow_forwardWhat features in the chemical composition of phospholipids make them ideal components of the cytoplasmic membrane?arrow_forwardWhich portion of a phospholipid is found in the middle (the interior) of a membrane?arrow_forward
- In a plasma membrane, the tails of phospholipids orient toward each other because they are?arrow_forwardWhat causes phospholipids to spontaneously orient themselves into a membrane-like structure?arrow_forwardDescribe the lipid bilayer structure of a cell membrane. What are the roles of proteins in membrane structure?arrow_forward
- What enzymes are responsible for distributing phospholipids in the correct side of the membrane?arrow_forwardWhat explains the very slow movement of membrane phospholipids from one leaflet of a biological membrane to the other?arrow_forwardWhich of the following lipid components of the eukaryotic plasma membrane would be associated with the highest membrane fluidity? a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids a monoglyceride with unbranched, saturated, short-chain fatty acids a triglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acids a monoglyceride with branched, unsaturated, short-chain fatty acids a diglyceride with unbranched, saturated, long-chain fatty acidsarrow_forward
- What materials can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer, and why? What is receptor-mediated endocytosis said to be more selective than phagocytosis or pinocytosis? What do osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and the movement of ions away from like charges all have in common? In what do they differ?arrow_forwardHow do we know that membrane phospholipids regularly intermingle and move laterally, but rarely flip from one side of the phospholipid bilayer to the other?arrow_forwardAccording to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.arrow_forward
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