EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103613828
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 32.4, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? Ø Suppose ctenophores are basal metazoans and sponges are the sister group of all remaining animals. Under this hypothesis, redraw Figure 32.11 and discuss whether animals with tissues would form a clade.
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Answer according to phylogenetic tree for animal phyla
1. Which phyla are radically symmetrical?
2. Which phyla are coelomates?
3. Which phyla are triploblastic? Explain what triplobastic means.
4. Which phyla have segmented bodies and a closed blood system?
5. a) Differentiate between an exoskeleton and endoskeleton.
b) Which phyla have these skeletons?
c) Give one advantage and disadvantage of each of this skeletons
6. Which phylum did not hive rise to any other group of animals?
7. Name one feature of the chordates that make them different from the other phyla
8. What was the common ancestor of all animals?
See attached. 1. Which pair of animals in numbers 1-3 belongs to a common ancestral group? Explain your answer.2. Fossils and anatomical records both provide pieces of evidence of evolution. How do you determine the age of fossils of an Aurorazhdarcho micronyx and an Archeopterix?
The phylogenetic tree in Exercise 1 above shows an outdated relationship between Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Mollusca. We now know that: (1) Brachiopoda is more closely related to Mollusca; and (2) Bryozoa forms the sister-group to the clade formed by Brachiopoda+Mollusca. In the space below draw a phylogenetic tree showing the correct interrelationships among the 5 clades listed:
Bryozoa:
Brachiopoda:
Linguliformea:
Craniiformea: Rhynchonelliformea:
Please include mollusca. Should be 6 classes total
Chapter 32 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
Ch. 32.1 - Summarize the main stages of animal development....Ch. 32.1 - WHAT IF? What animal characteristics would be...Ch. 32.2 - Put the following milestones in animal evolution...Ch. 32.2 - VISUAL SKILLS Explain what is represented by the...Ch. 32.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Evaluate whether the origin of...Ch. 32.3 - Distinguish the terms grade and clade.Ch. 32.3 - Compare three aspects of the early development of...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 32.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 32.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose ctenophores are basal metazoans...
Ch. 32.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 32 - Prob. 32.1CRCh. 32 - What caused ihe Cambrian exploston? Describe...Ch. 32 - Describe how body plans provide useful Information...Ch. 32 - Prob. 32.4CRCh. 32 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 32 - The distinction between sponges and other animal...Ch. 32 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 32 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 32 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION A professor begins a lecture...Ch. 32 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA Redraw the...Ch. 32 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Animal life...Ch. 32 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This organism is an...
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- give answer asap please Construct a cladogram for: Raccoon, Arctic Fox, Armadillo, Sheep, Snow Leopard, Hippopotamus, Giraffee, Zebra, Ostrich, Rhino, Maned Wolf, Brown Bear, Gray Wolf, Jaguar, Malayan Tiger. (without polytomies) include endoskeleton, hysrostatic and exoskeleton The diagram should look like below:arrow_forwardGymnospermae 100 200 Amphibia 050 100 150 200 Aranea 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups. Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between species richness and clade age? Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in mammals? Log (richness) Log (richness) Log (richness) Angiospermae 0 100 Actinopterygii ● ● ● T 200 300 400 Squamata 0 0 100 200 2. 0 2 0 300 6 4 2 2 0 10 2 0 Pteridophyta 200 0 100 Mammalia ●00 000000 0 25 50 75 Coleoptera 300 0 2 0 0 100 Aves 0 Chondricthyes 200 300 0 25 50 75 100 Dipteraarrow_forwardLab 10: Kingdom Animalia Introduction Animals all share some characteristics: 1) Multicellular 2) Heterotrophic 3) Their cells have no cell wall 4) At some time in their life they are motile. There are many phyla within the animal Kingdom, and in this activity, you will explore these phyla by building a dichotomous key that will allow you to consider almost any animal and determine which phylum it belongs to. Part 1: Organizing information for the dichotomous key 1) List the 9 animal phyla of macroscopic (visible) animals: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nemotoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata. 2) Use on-line or library resources of your choice, to gather information about these 9 phyla. a. Start by finding two example species per phylum to help tie into your previous knowledge about animal types. Write down these examples. b. Make a list of characteristics that you could use that would help you tell these 9 phyla apart. The final goal is to build a…arrow_forward
- Why are simpler structures considered ancestral when we study phylogeny? * 1 point Complex structures often evolve from simpler ones. Time element is a major consideration. The presence of a character state among some members of a lineage and an outgroup indicates that the character is ancestral. Simpler structures were more likely to be found in fossil records.arrow_forwardGQ#14: Tiktaalik and Protarchaeopteryx are examples of transitional forms. In paleontology, what does transitional form mean?arrow_forwardYou have now studied three different types of anatomical structures. Homologous structures show individual variations on a common anatomical theme. These are seen in organisms that are closely related. 1. Give an example of a homologous structure from this activity: Analogous structures have very different anatomies but similar functions. These are seen in organismsthat are not necessarily closely related but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations. 2. Give an example of an analogous structure from this activity: Vestigial structures are anatomical remnants that were important in the organism's ancestors but are nolonger used in the same way. 3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity:arrow_forward
- L Gymnospermae 100 200 100 200 300 Amphibia 0 50 100 150 200 0 25 50 75 100 Aranea Diptera 50 100 150 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250 050 100 150 200 Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups. Question 8. Suppose species in old clades were more likely to go extinct. How would this change the relationship between clade age and species richness? Log (richness) Log (richness) Log (richness) Angiospermae 0 100 Actinopterygii ● • 0100 200 0 200 ● ● T 300 400 Squamata 0 2. 0 6 0 0 0 300 4 2 0 2 0 4 2- 0 Pteridophyta 200 0 100 Mammalia ● 000 00 0 25 Coleoptera 0 300 50 75 2 2 0 Aves Chondricthyesarrow_forwardCan you help me with thee questions? (A)How does taxonomy help us understand relationships among organisms on earth? What kinds of evidence do scientists use in taxonomy? (B)Discuss the importance of oxygen to all living organisms, and describe how three different organisms—human, flatworm, and fern—obtain the oxygen they need. (C)Discuss the three kinds of waste that humans must remove from their bodies, and explain why waste removal is important to living organisms.arrow_forwardGymnospermae 100 200 Amphibia 050 100 150 200 Aranea 50 100 50 100 150 200 150 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250 Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups. Question 7. One difficulty in estimating species richness is that many species have yet to be described. Suppose that the number of undiscovered species varies among taxa and that old clades tend to have more undiscovered species. In which direction would the observed relationship between species diversity and clade age be biased? Log (richness) Log (richness) Log (richness) 0 Angiospermae 0 100 Actinopterygii ● ● 0 0 100 200 ● 400 Squamata ● 200 300 2 0 4 2 0. 0 0 300 6 4 2- 0 0 Pteridophyta 200 0 100 Mammalia ● me com 150 0 25 Coleoptera 0 50 300 75 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 Aves Chondricthyes 200 300 0000 50 75 100 25 Dipteraarrow_forward
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