Whether green algae, bryophytes , and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic. Concept introduction: A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

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Answer 5

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Answer 6

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.

Conclusion

The green algae and bryophytes are paraphyletic, and the vascular plants are monophyletic.

Answer 7

Chapter 33, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether green algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic.

Concept introduction:

A phylogenetic tree is a reconstruction of the biological history, which is based on the similarities and differences among the attributes of the species. It provides the evolutionary relationships among various biological species. The branches of a phylogenetic tree constitute leaves, nodes, internal branches and terminal branches.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The method of hypothesizing evolutionary relationships, are known as cladistics, which is constituted of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic clades.

A monophyletic clade group seen with group of leaves, which are descended from a common ancestor. In other words, it consists of ancestral species and all its descendants. A paraphyletic, is a group including not all leaves descended from a common ancestor, it consists of ancestral species and some of descendents. A polyphyletic is a group including leaves from multiple clades, it groups several species but lacks common ancestor.

The last common ancestor of all green algae gave rise to land plants which is the characteristic of the paraphyletic. So, the green algae are paraphyletic. The last ancestor of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts gave rise to vascular plants, which is a characteristic of the paraphyletic clade. So, the bryophytes are paraphyletic. Vascular plants are monophyletic because the ancestor of vascular plants gave rise to green algae, and bryophytes. These all are descended from a common species.