Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 3.3, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The advantages and limitations of having single peptidoglycan in Gram-negative bacteria versus multiple layers of it in Gram-positive bacteria.
Introduction:
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are the two classifications of numerous bacterial species on the basis of the absorbance of the crystal violet dye. This bacterial differentiation was given by Hans Christian Gram. These bacterial classifications have various similarities and distinguishing features.
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Which of the following statement about the bacterial cell wall is INCORRECT?
a. The cell wall is relatively nonpermeable and restricts the passage of sugars and amino acids.
b. Gram-positive cells have more peptidoglycan in theircell walls than Gram-negative cells.
c. Gram-negative cells have a membrane both inside andoutside their cell walls.
d. The cell wall establishes a bacterium’s shape as a coccus,bacillus, or spirillum.
One major difference in the envelope structure between gram positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria is the presence or absence of a cytoplasmic membrane. True or false?
Your friend Jim Crackcorn has developed a new antibiotic that damages the integrity of the cell wall by breaking down peptidoglycan. Jim tells you that he predicts that gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and archaeal cells will be equally sensitive to this antibiotic. Do you agree with Jim’s prediction? If you agree, explain in your own words why you agree. If you disagree, explain in your own words what you would predict and why.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Figure 22.16 Which of the following statements is true? Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall anchored to the cell membrane by lipoteichoic acid. Pori ns allow entry of substances into both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, whereas Gram positive bacteria have a cell wall made of lipoteichoic acid.arrow_forwardFigure 13.6 Which of the following statements is true? a. Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall formed from peptidoglycan. b. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. c. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. d. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall made of phospholipids.arrow_forwardFigure 22.8 Compared to free-floating bacteria, bacteria in biofilms often show increased resistance to antibiotics and detergents. Why do you think this might be the case?arrow_forward
- Gram-negative bacteria are not killed by penicillin because they: do not have ribosomes. have an outer membrane layer covering their peptidoglycan cell wall. have two layers of peptidoglycan. do not have peptidoglycan. their ribosomes are protected with their own outer membrane layer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a structure involved in the movement of bacteria? Cilia Sex Pilus Flagellum Cell Wallarrow_forwardMicrobiologists use the Gram stain to differentiate among two groups of bacteria. How do Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria differ? Question 1 options: the presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall the presence or absence of muramic acid in the cell wall the presence or absence of outer plasma membrane the lipid composition of plasma membrane none of the above.arrow_forward
- ntibiotics are medicines used to fight bacterial infections. These drugs kill prokaryotic cells without harming human cells. What part or parts of the bacterial cell do you think the antibiotics target? Why?arrow_forwardSome bacteria have a tube which allows materials to move directly into or out of the cytoplasm. This tube is called a ___. cilium flagellum genera pilusarrow_forwardWhy do low concentrations of alcohol inhibit Gram-negative bacteria more than Gram-positive bacteria? Explain how the alcohol interacts with: 1) Gram-negative cell wall structures 2) Gram-positive cell wall structuresarrow_forward
- A scientist isolates a new species of prokaryote. He notes that the specimen is a bacillus with a lipid bilayer and cell wall that stains positive for peptidoglycan. Its circular chromosome replicates from a single origin of replication. Is the specimen most likely an Archaea, a Gram-positive bacterium, or a Gram-negative bacterium? How do you know?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function?a. transport c. supportb. motility d. adhesionarrow_forwardThe bacterial cell wall functions to_____arrow_forward
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