Concept explainers
How fast can a racecar travel through a circular tum without skidding and hitting the wall? The answer could depend on several factors:
- The weight of the car;
- The friction between the tires and the road;
- The radius of the circle;
- The “steepness” of the turn.
In this project we investigate this question for NASCAR racecars at the Bristol Motor Speedway in Tennessee. Before considering this track in particular, we use
A car of mass m moves with constant angular speed to around a circular curve of radius R (Figure 3.20). The curve is banked at an angle
Figure 3.20 Views of a lace ear moving around a track.
As the car moves around the curve, three forces act on it: gravity, the force exerted by the road (this force is perpendicular to the ground), and the friction force (Figure 3.21). Because describing the frictional force generated by the tires and the road is complex, we use a standard approximation for the frictional force. Assume that
Figure 3.21 The car has three forces acting on it: gravity (denoted by mg), the friction force f, and the force exerted by the road N.
Let
The next three questions deal with developing a formula that relates the speed
Now that we have a formula
The Bristol Motor Speedway is a NASCAR short track in Bristol, Tennessee. The track has the approximate shape shown in Figure 3.22. Each end of the track is approximately semicircular, so when cars make turns they are traveling along an approximately circular curve. If a car takes the inside track and speeds along the bottom of turn 1, the car travels along a semicircle of radius approximately
Figure 3.22 At the Bristol Motor Speedway, Bristol, Tennessee (a), the turns have an inner radius of about
The coefficient of friction for a normal fire in Elly conditions is approximately
Before answering the following questions, note that it is easier to do computations in terms of feet and seconds, and then convert the answers to miles per hour as a final step.
11. Suppose the measured speed of a car going along the outside edge of the turn is
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